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Physiopathology of Colorectal Metastasis

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Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer

Part of the book series: Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment ((CMBT,volume 14))

Abstract

Colorectal metastatic disease is ultimately responsible for almost all of the mortality resulting from colorectal cancer. The spread of colorectal cancer to ‘vital’ target organs such as the liver and the lung compromises normal physiology and usually leads to organ failure and death. Colorectal cancer also spreads to other, less ‘vital’ organs such as bone and the peritoneum, whose diminished function may lead to significant morbidity during the course of the disease. In this chapter, we will discuss mechanisms and patterns of spread of colorectal cancer to metastatic sites, how these metastases affect normal organ physiology, and what factors affect the progression of metastatic disease in different sites.

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Abbreviations

BM:

Bone marrow

CAFs:

Cancer-associated fibroblasts

CCL20:

Chemokine ligand 20

CCR7:

Chemokine receptor type 7

CRC:

Colorectal cancer

CTCs:

Circulating tumour cells

DARC:

Duffy blood group receptor

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

GCC:

Guanylyl cyclase C

HECs:

Hepatic endothelial cells

HGF:

Hepatocyte growth factor

HR:

Hormone receptor

ICAM-1:

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1

IL-1:

Interleukin-1

IFN-γ:

Interferon gamma

KCs:

Kupffer cells

LN:

Lymph nodes

LVD:

Lymphatic vessel density

MAP Kinase:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MIP-2:

Macrophage-inflammatory protein-2

NKs:

Natural killer cells

NO:

Nitric oxide

PDGFRβ:

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β

PECAM-1:

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1

(PI-3) Kinase:

phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase

PRL-3:

Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3

SDF-1:

Stromal cell-derived factor 1

TF:

Tissue Factor

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TNFα:

Tumour necrosis factor α

TNM:

Tumour-node-metastases

VCAM-1:

Vascular adhesion molecule-1

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

VEGFR:

VEGF receptor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Cristiano Ferrario & Mark Basik

  2. Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Mark Basik

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  1. Cristiano Ferrario
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  2. Mark Basik
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Correspondence to Cristiano Ferrario .

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  1. Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer, Research Centre, McGill University, Promenade Sir William Osler 3655, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada

    Nicole Beauchemin

  2. Hôpital L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Université Laval, rue McMahon 9, Quebec, G1R 2J6, Canada

    Jacques Huot

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Ferrario, C., Basik, M. (2010). Physiopathology of Colorectal Metastasis. In: Beauchemin, N., Huot, J. (eds) Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment, vol 14. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8833-8_2

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