Abstract
Liquids have a finite and very high (as compared to gases) compressibility modulus and zero static shear modulus. For example, a boat floating on water can easily be shifted just by a finger. Even very viscous liquids, for instance, polymers, rubber, and, surprisingly, stain-glass windows have no static shear modulus although they have a dynamic shear modulus at a short time scale or at high frequencies. In fact, to shear a liquid, we should not overcome any potential barrier. In contrast to liquids, the isotropic solids, e.g., ceramics or fine polycrystalline materials have not only compressibility modulus but also one shear modulus finite. As to single crystals, they have many elastic moduli; the lower symmetry the larger a number of their moduli.
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Blinov, L.M. (2011). Elasticity and Defects. In: Structure and Properties of Liquid Crystals., vol 123. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8829-1_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8829-1_8
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