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Cell Based Therapies: What Do We Learn from Periosteal Osteochondrogenesis?

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Advances in Regenerative Medicine: Role of Nanotechnology, and Engineering Principles

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Abstract

Unraveling isolation, cultivation and transplantation protocols is often difficult and time consuming but essential to exploit the full potential of cell based therapies. Studying periosteal callus formation, may give novel insights how this tissue can be used to repair cartilage and bone defects and thus bypass optimization of the protocols mentioned above. Periosteal callus can be induced in vivo without breaking the bone. During periosteal callus formation, osteochondrogenic progenitor cells which reside in the cambium cambium layer, differentiate via the sequential steps of endochondral bone formation; chondrogenesis is initiated then chondrocytes differentiate into hypertrophic cells. These hypertrophic chondrocytes release pro-angiogenic factors, mineralize and bone is deposited. Grafts can be harvested during the chondrogenic phase. Compared to isolated undifferentiated periosteal cells, cells in these grafts survive the transplantation into an osteochondral defect much better. By injecting a gel between bone and periosteum, the micro-environment can be manipulated. Per example inhibition of vascularization and induction of hypoxia enhances periosteal chondrogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, studying repair processes of the body in detail may not only give essential information for different cell based therapies, but can even lead to a complete other approach in which the body its own regenerative capacity is used.

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Acknowledgements

The authors like to acknowledge Roel Kuijer, Sjoerd Bulstra, Lodewijk van Rhijn, and Willem Voncken for their input and support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Peter J. Emans & Tim J. M. Welting

  2. Faculty of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Earth Sciences, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry and Bioss-Center for Cell Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

    Venkatram Prasad Shastri

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  1. Peter J. Emans
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  2. Tim J. M. Welting
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  3. Venkatram Prasad Shastri
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Correspondence to Peter J. Emans .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Inst. Makromolekulare Chemie, Zentrum für Biologische Signalstudien, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, Freiburg, 79104, Germany

    Venkatram Prasad Shastri

  2. Avançats (ICREA), Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis, Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Spain

    George Altankov

  3. Geesthacht GmbH, Institut für Chemie, GKSS Forschungszentrum, Kantstraße 5, Teltow, 14513, Germany

    Andreas Lendlein

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Emans, P.J., Welting, T.J.M., Shastri, V.P. (2010). Cell Based Therapies: What Do We Learn from Periosteal Osteochondrogenesis?. In: Shastri, V., Altankov, G., Lendlein, A. (eds) Advances in Regenerative Medicine: Role of Nanotechnology, and Engineering Principles. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series A: Chemistry and Biology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8790-4_5

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