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Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment of Amazonian Floodplain Trees

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Amazonian Floodplain Forests

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 210))

Abstract

Many Amazonian floodplain trees fruit during the high-water period and thus benefit from long-distance dispersal by hydrographic corridors. Two different germination strategies can be observed: Species with buoyant seeds tend to germinate rapidly as soon seeds get in contact with river waters, while species with submerged seeds generally undergo longer dormancies and germinate when flood-waters recede. In Amazonian floodplains, tree seedlings get frequently fully submerged for various periods, inducing hypoxia, complete darkness, and elevated mechanical constraints brought up by water currents and sediment. However, observations from field inventories indicate that seedlings of several várzea tree species perform very well under submergence, whereas mortality rates increase during the terrestrial phases. Establishment strategies seems to change along the flooding gradient: Seedlings from highly flooded low-várzea tree species are well-adapted to tolerate the seasonal inundations, while seedlings from low and irregularly flooded high-várzea tree species are poorly-flood adapted thus reacting very sensitive to flood pulse variations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Amazon Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil

    Astrid de Oliveira Wittmann

  2. University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil

    Aline Lopes

  3. Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development (MISD), Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil

    Auristela Dos Santos Conserva

  4. Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Chemistry, Mainz, Germany

    Florian Wittmann

  5. Wetlands Ecology and Adaptations of Plants to Flooding, National Institute of Amazon Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil

    Maria T. F. Piedade

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Correspondence to Astrid de Oliveira Wittmann .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. MPI für Limnologie, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, Plön, 24306, Germany

    Wolfgang J. Junk

  2. Amazonia (INPA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

    Maria T. F. Piedade

  3. MPI für Chemie, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 27, Mainz, 55128, Germany

    Florian Wittmann

  4. Abt. Chemie der Atmosphäre, MPI für Chemie, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 27, Mainz, 55128, Germany

    Jochen Schöngart

  5. FB Biologie, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg, 22609, Germany

    Pia Parolin

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Wittmann, A.d.O., Lopes, A., Conserva, A.D.S., Wittmann, F., Piedade, M.T.F. (2010). Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment of Amazonian Floodplain Trees. In: Junk, W., Piedade, M., Wittmann, F., Schöngart, J., Parolin, P. (eds) Amazonian Floodplain Forests. Ecological Studies, vol 210. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8725-6_13

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