Abstract
When evaluating pregnant women affected with certain infectious or parasitic diseases we followed the ICD classification (WHO) (see Table 1.12), though the experts of handbooks and review papers preferred the etiological classification according to the types of agents (virus, bacterium, parasite) or the route of infections (e.g. sexually transmitted infections/diseases). However, some acute infectious diseases did not occur in the data set of the HCCSCA, though have important role in the origin of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as spontaneous abortions (e.g. parvovirus), fetal diseases (e.g. listeriosis or again parvovirus) and birth outcomes such as PB (e.g. chlamidial infection). According to the ICD classification we had to present the data of common cold and influenza in Chapter 11, Diseases of the Respiratory System. Finally, we inserted bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis in the Chapter 16, Diseases of Genital Organs because microbial agents were not identified in most pregnant women with vulvovaginitis-bacterial vaginosis; therefore, it seemed to be better to evaluate them together.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
ACOG Practice Bulletin. Management of herpes in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2007; 109: 1489–1498.
Adams RH, Combes B. Viral hepatitis during pregnancy. J Am Med Ass (JAMA) 1965; 192: 195–198.
Alexander ER. Maternal and neonatal infection with cytomegalovirus in Taiwan. Pediat Res 1967; 1: 210 only.
Alford CA, Neva FA, Weller TH. Virologic and serologic studies on human products of conception after maternal rubella. N Engl J Med 1964; 271: 1275–1281.
Ambros-Rudolph CM, Müllegger RR, Vaughan-Jones SA et al. The specific dermatoses of pregnancy revisited and reclassified: results of a retrospective two-center study on 505 pregnant patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 54: 395–404.
Arvin A, Campadielli-Fiume G, Mocarski E et al. (eds.) Human Herpesviruses. Biology, Therapy and Immunoprophylaxis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007-04-17.
Avgil M, Ornoy A. Herpes simplex virus and Epstein-Barr virus infections in pregnancy: consequences of neonatal or intrauterine infection. Reprod Toxicol 2006; 21: 436–445.
Ayoola EA, Johnson AOK. Hepatitis B vaccine in pregnancy: immunogenicity and transfer of antobodies to infants. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1987; 25: 297–301.
Baldwin S, Whitley RJ. Intrauterine herpes simplex virus infection. Teratology 1989; 39: 1–10.
Beasley RP, Lin C-C, Wang K-Y et al. Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) efficiency in the interruption of perinatal transmission of Hepatitis B virus carrier state. Lancet 1981; 2: 388–393.
Benedetti J, Corey L, Ashley RL. Recurrence rate in genital herpes after symptomatic first-episode infection. Ann Intern Med 1994; 121: 847–885.
Berger A. Mother to child transmission of hepatitis C virus: prospective study of risk factors and timing of infection in children born to women seronegative for HIV-1. Science commentary: behaviour of hepatitis C virus. Br Med J (BMJ) 1998; 317: 440.
Beutner KR, Reitano MV, Richwald GA et al. External genital warts: report of the American medical association conference. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27: 796–806.
Boehm FH, Estes W, Wright PF, Growdon JF. Management of genital herpes simplex virus infection occurring during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981; 141: 735–740.
Botto LD, Lynberg MC, Erickson JD. Congenital heart defects, maternal febrile diseases and multivitamin use: a population-based study. Epidemiology 2001; 12: 485–490.
Botto LD, Olney RS, Erickson JD. Vitamin supplements and the risk for congenital anomalies other than neural-tube defects. Am J Med Genet C 2004; 125C: 12–21.
Brown HL, Abernathy MP. Cytomegalovirus infection. Semin Perinatol 1998. 45: 260–266.
Brown ZA, Vontver LA, Benedetti J et al. Effects on infants of a first episode of genital herpes during pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 1246–1250.
Brown ZA, Benedetti J, Ashley R et al. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection in relation to asymptomatic maternal infection at the time of labor. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 1247–1352.
Brown ZA, Benedetti J, Selke S et al. Asymptomatic maternal shedding of herpes simplex virus at the onset of labor: relationship to preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol 1996; 87: 483–488.
Brown ZA, Zelke S, Zeh J et al. The acquisition of herpes simplex virus during pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 509–515.
Brown ZA, Gardella C, Wald A, Morrow RA, Corey L. Genital herpes complicating pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106: 845–856.
Cantwell MF, Shehab AM, Costello AM. Congenital tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 1051.
Catalano PM, Meritt AO, Mead PB. Incidence of genital herpes simplex virus at the time of delivery in women with known risk factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 164: 1303–1306.
CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome – United States, January 1, 1991–May 7, 1994. MMWR (Morb Mortal Wkly Rep) 1994; 43: 391–401.
CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of varicella. Recommendation of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR (Morb Mortal Wkly Rep) 1996; 45: (RR-11).
CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines. MMWR (Morb Mortal Wkly Rep) 2006. 55. (RR-7).
Chalhub EG, Baenziger J, Feigen RD, Middlekamp JN, Shackelford GD. Congenital herpes simplex type II infection with extensive hepatic calcification bone lesions and cataracts, complete post-mortem examination. Dev Med Child Neurol 1977; 19: 527–534.
Conte D, Fraquelli M, Prati D et al. Prevalence of clinical course of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and rate of HCV vertical transmission in a cohort of 15,250 pregnant women. Hepatology 2000, 31: 751–755.
Creasy RK, Resnik R, Lams DJ. (eds.) Maternal-Fetal Medicint. 5th ed. Saunders, Philadelphia, 2004.
Daffos F, Forestier F, Capella-Pavlovsky M et al. Prenatal management of 746 pregnancies at risk for congenital toxoplasmosis. N Engl J Med 1988; 318: 271–275.
DeHovitz JA, Johnson WD Jr, Pape JW. Gastrointestinal infections. In: Roberts BR (ed.) Infectious Diseases: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Year Book Medical Publ., Chicago, 1986. pp. 116–131.
Dienstag JL. Hepatitis B virus infection. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1486–1500.
Dinsmoor MJ. Hepatitis in the obstetric patient. Infect Dis North Am 1997; 11: 77–91.
Dollard SC, Grosse SD, Ross DS. New estimates of the prevalence of neurological and sensory sequelae and mortality associated with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Rev Med Virol 2007; 17: 355–363.
Donner C, Liesnard C, Content J et al. Prenatal diagnosis of 52 pregnancies at risk for congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 82: 481–486.
Drew JS, London WT, Lustbader ED et al. Hepatitis B virus and sex ratio of offspring. Science 1978; 201: 687–692.
Edwards MJ. Congenital defects in guinea pigs following induced hyperthermia during gestation. Arch Pathol 1967; 84: 42–49.
Edwards MJ, Shiota K, Walsh DA, Smith MS. Hyperthermia and birth defects. Reprod Toxicol 1995; 9: 411–425.
Egerman RS, Beazley D. Toxoplasmosis. Semin Perinatol 1998; 22: 332–338.
Enders G, Miller E, Cradock-Watson J et al. Consequences of varicella and herpes zoster in pregnancy: prospective study of 1739 cases. Lancet 1994; 343: 1548–1551.
Engerbretsen T. Gonorrheal chorioamninitis. Tids Nor Laegeforen 1974; 94: 1903.
Eskild A, Jeansson S, Hagen JA et al. Herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies in pregnant women: the impact of the stage of pregnancy. Epidemiol Infect 2000; 125: 685–692.
Feldman HA. Toxoplasmosis. N Engl J Med 1966; 279: 1370 or 1431.
Fleming DT, McGuillan GM, Johnson RE et al. Herpes simplex virus type 2 in the United States, 1976 to 1994. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1105–1111.
Florman AL, Gershon AA, Blackett PR, Nahmias AJ. Intrauterine infection with herpes simplex virus. Resultant congenital anomalies. J Am Med Ass 1973; 225: 129–132.
Fowler KB, Stagno S, Pass RF et al. The outcome of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in relation to maternal antibody status. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 663–667.
Fuith LC, Reibnegger G, Honlinger M, Wachter H. Screening for toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Lancet 1988; 2: 1196.
Garcia AGP, Pereira LMS, Vidigal N et al. Intrauterine infection with mumps virus. Obstet Gynecol 1980; 56: 756–759.
Gersony WM, Katz SL, Nadas AS. Endocardial fibroelastosis and mumps virus. Pediatrics 1966; 37: 430–434.
Gibbs RS, Sweet RL, Duff WP. Maternal and fetal infectious disorders. In: Creasy RK, Resnik R, Iams JD (eds.) Maternal-Fetal Medicine. 5th ed. Saunders, Philadelphia, 2004. pp. 741–801.
Good JT, Iseman MD, Davidson PT et al. Tuberculosis in association with pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981; 140: 492–498.
Granovsky MO, Minkoff HL, Tess BH et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in the mothers and infants cohort study. Pediatrics 1998; 102: 355–359.
Gregg NM. Congenital cataract following German measles in the mothers. Trans Ophthalmol Soc Aust 1941; 3: 35–46.
Gutierrez KM, Halpern MSF, Maldonado Y, Arvin AM. The epidemiology of neonatal herpes simplex infection in California from 1985 to 1995. J Infect Dis 1999; 180: 199–202.
Hamadeh MA, Glassroth J. Tuberculosis in pregnant women. Chest 1992; 101: 1114.
Hansfield HH, Hodson A, Holmes KK. Neonatal gonoccal infection: I. Orogastric contamination of Neissaria gonorrhoeae. J Am Med Ass (JAMA) 1973; 225: 697–701.
Harger JH, Pazin GJ, Armstrong JA et al. Characteristics and management of pregnancy in women with genital herpes simplex virus infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 145: 784–791.
Heiber JO, Dalton D, Shorey J, Combes B. Hepatitis in pregnancy. J Pediatr 1977; 91: 545–549.
Heininger U, Seward JE. Varicella. Lancet 2006; 368: 1365–1376.
Hernandez-Diaz S, Werler MM, Walker AM, Mitchell AA. Folic acid antagonists during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1608–1614.
Hohlfeld P, Daffos E, Costa JM et al. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis with a polymerase-chain reaction test on amniotic fluid. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 695–699.
Holmes CB, Hausler H, Numm P. A review of sex difference in the epidemiology of tuberculosis. Int F Tuberc Lung Dis 1998; 2: 96–104.
Holmes RC, Black MM. The specific dermatoses of pregnancy J Am Acad Dermatol 1983; 8: 405–412.
Hutto C, Arvin A, Jacobs R, Steele R, Stagno S, Lyrene R et al. Herpes virus simplex virus and congenital malformations. South Med J 1983; 76: 1561–1563.
Hutto C, Willett L, Yeager A, Whitely R. Congenital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Early vs. late gestational acquisition. Pediatr Res 1985; 19: 296A.
Jabeen T, Cannon B, Hogan M et al. Pregnancy and pregnancy outcome in hepatitis C type 1b. Q J Med 2000; 93: 597–601.
Jacobs RF. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. Semin Perinatol 1998; 22: 64–71.
Jones KL. Smith’s Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation. 4th ed. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1988. pp. 516–519.
Jones KL, Johnson KA, Chambers CD. Offspring of women infected with varicella during pregnancy: a prospective study. Teratology 1994; 49: 29–32.
Jones TC, DeHovitz JA. Infectious diseases common to the tropics and subtropics. In: Roberts BR (ed.) Infectious Diseases: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Year Book Medical Publ., Chicago, 1986. pp. 132–157.
Karesh JW, Kapur S, MacDonald M. Herpes simplex virus and congenital malformations. South Med J 1983; 76: 1561–1563.
Kebbeson A, Cannon MJ. Review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Rev Med Virol 2007; 17: 253–276.
Krech UH, Jung M, Jung F. Cytomegalovirus Infections of Man. Karger, Basel, 1971.
Kulhanjian J, Soroush V, Au D et al. Identification of women at unsuspected risk of primary infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 during pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 916–920.
Kuter B, Matthews H, Shinefeld H et al. Ten year follow-up of healthy children who received one or two injections of varicella strategy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004; 23: 132–137.
Landon MB. Viral hepatitis. In: Creasy RK, Resnik R, Iams JD (eds.) Maternal-Fetal Medicine. 5th ed. Saunders, Philadelphia, 2004. pp. 1132–1137.
Maheswari A, Ray S, Thuluvath PJ. Acute hepatitis C. Lancet 2008; 372: 321–332.
Melish ME, Hanshaw JB. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: developmental progress of infants detected by routine screening. Am J Dis Child 1973; 126: 190–194.
Menser MA, Dods L, Harley JD. A twenty-five year follow-up of congenital rubella. Lancet 1967; 2: 1347–1350.
Miller W, Cradock-Watson JE, Pollack TM. Consequences of confirmed maternal rubella at successive stages of pregnancy. Lancet 1982; 2: 781–784.
Monif GRG. Maternal mumps infection during gestation. Observations in the progeny. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1974; 119: 549–551.
Monif GRG, Kellner KR, Donnnelly WH Jr. Congenital herpes simplex type II infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 152: 1000–1002.
Nahmias AJ, Lee FK, Bechman-Nahmias S. Sero-epidemiological and sociological patterns of herpes simplex virus infection in the world. Scand J Infect Dis 1990; 69: 19–36.
Noren GR, Adams P, Anderson RC. Positive skin reactivity to mumps virus antigen in endocardial fibroelastosis. J Pediat 1963; 62: 604–606.
Nyholm JL, Schleiss MR. Prevention of maternal cytomegalovirus infection: current status and future prospects. Int J Women’s Health 2010; 2: 225–230.
Olsen WM, Storeng R. Effect of shigella toxin on preimplantation of mouse embyros in vitro. Teratology 1986; 33: 234–246.
Pass RF, Stagno S, Myers GJ, Alford CA. Outcome of symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection: results of long-term longitudinal follow-up. Pediatrics, 1980; 66: 758–762.
Pass RF, Zhang C, Evans A et al. Vaccine prevention of maternal cytomegalovirus infection. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 1191–1199.
Paul J. Frühgeburt und Toxoplasmose. Urban und Schwarzenberg, München-Berlin, 1962.
Pebody RG, Andrews N, Brown D, Gopal R, De Melker H, Francois G et al. The seroepidemiology of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in Europe. Sex Transm Infect 2004; 80: 185–191.
Philip AGC, Larsen EJ. Overwhelming neonatal infection with echo 19 virus. J Pediatr 1973; 82: 391–397.
Plotkin SA, Oski F, Hartnett EM et al. Some recently recognized manifestations of the rubella syndrome. J Pediatr 1965; 67: 182–191.
Pretorius DH, Hayward I, Jones KL et al. Sonographic evaluation of pregnancies with maternal varicella infection. J Ultrasound Med 1992; 11: 459–463.
Pridjian G, Puschett JB. Preeclampsia. Part 2: experimental and genetic consideration. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2002; 57: 619–640.
Proper C, Corey L, Brown ZA et al. The management of pregnancies complicated by genital infections with herpes simplex virus. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 15: 1031–1038.
Reeves WC, Corey L, Adams HG. Risk of recurrence after the first episode of genital herpes. Relation to HSV type and antibody response. N Engl J Med 1981; 305: 315–319.
Riley LE. Herpes simplex virus. Sem Perinatol 1998; 22: 284–292.
Romana S, Wallon M, Franck J et al. Prenatal diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction on amnitoc fluid for congenital toxoplasmosis. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 97: 296–300.
Rudnick CM, Hoekzema GS. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. Am Famil Physician 2002; 65: 1138–1143.
Sabin AB. Connatal toxoplasmosis. Advanc Pediat 1942; 1: 1.
Sanchez PJ, Wendel GD. Syphilis in pregnancy. Clin Perinatol 1997; 24: 71–90.
Schweitzer IL, Dunn AEG, Peters RL, Spears RL. Viral hepatitis B in neonates and infants. Am J Med 1973; 55: 762–771.
Seeff LB, Buskell-Bales Z, Wright EC et al. Long-term mortality after transfusion-associated non-A, non-B hepatitis. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Study Group. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 1906–1911.
Sever JL, Huebner RJ, Castellano GA, Bell JA. Serological diagnosis “en masse” with multiple antigens. Am Rev Resp Dis Supl 1962; 88: 342–359.
Shepard TH, Lemire RJ. Catalog of Teratogenic Agents. 11th ed. Johns Hopkins Univ Press, Baltimore, 2004.
Shinefeld H, Black S, Digillo L et al. Evaluation of a quadrivalent measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine in healthy children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005; 24: 665–669.
Shone J, Armas SM, Manning JA, Keith JD. The mumps antigen skin test in endocardial fibroelastosis. Pediatrics 1966; 37: 423–429.
Siegel M. Congenital malformations following chickenpox, measles, mumps, and hepatitis. Results of a chart study. J Am Med Ass (JAMA) 1973; 226: 1521–1524.
Siegel M, Fuerst HT. Low birth weight and maternal virus diseases. A prospective study of rubella, measles, mumps, chicken pox and hepatitis. J Am Med Ass (JAMA) 1966; 197: 680–684.
Smith DW, Clarren SK, Harvey MA. Hyperthermia as a possible teratogenic agent. J Pediatr 1978; 92: 878–883.
Snider DE, Layde PM, Johnson MW, Lyle MA. Treatment of tuberculosis during pregnancy. Am Rev Resp Dis 1980; 122: 65–79.
South MA, Thompkins WAF, Morris CR, Rawls WE. Congenital malformations of the central nervous system associated with genital type (type 2) herpes virus. J Pediatr 1969; 75: 13–15.
Stagno S, Whitley RJ. Herpes virus infections of pregancy. Part I: cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 1270–1274.
St. Geme JW Jr, Noren GR, Adams P. Proposed embyopathic relationship between mumps virus and primary endocardial fibroelastosis. N Engl J Med 1966; 275: 339–347.
Syndman DR. Hepatitis in pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 1398–1401.
Tenti P, Zappatore R, Migliora P et al. Perinatal transmission of human papillomavirus from gravidas with latent infections. Obstet Gynecol 1999; 3: 475–479.
Tikkanen J. Heinonen OP. Maternal hyperthermia during pregnancy and cardiovascular malformation in the offspring. Eur J Epidemiol 1991; 7: 628–635.
Trlifajova J, Benda R, Benes C. Effect of maternal varicella-zoster virus infection on the outcome of pregnancy and analysis of transplacental virus transmission. Acta Virol 1986; 30: 249–255.
Vasileiadis GT, Ronkema HW, Romano W et al. Intrauterine herpes simplex infection. Am J Perinatol 2003; 20: 55–58.
Vontver LA, Hickok DE, Brown ZA et al. Recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infection in pregnancy: infant outcomes and frequency of asymptomatic recurrences. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982; 143: 75–84.
Wald A, Zeh J, Selke S, Ashley RL, Corey L. Virologic characteristics of subclinical and symptomatic genital herpes infections. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 770–775.
Watts DH, Koutsky LA, Holmes KK et al. Low risk of perinatal transmission of human papilomavirus: results of a prospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 178: 365–373.
Weigel MM, Weigel R. Nausea and vomiting of early pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. An epidemiological study. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 96: 1304–1311.
Whitley RJ, Corey L, Arvin A et al. Changing presentation of herpes simplex virus infection in neonates. J Infect Dis 1988; 158: 109–116.
Whitley R, Arvin A, Prober C et al. A controlled trial comparing vidarabine with acyclovir in neonatal herpes simplex virus infection. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 444–449.
Whitley RJ. Herpes simplex virus. In: Howley RM, Knipe DM (eds.) Fields Virology. 4th ed. Lipincott Press, New York, 2001.
Whitley RJ, Roizman B. Herpes simplex virus infection. Lancet, 2001; 357: 1513–1518.
Wilkins I. Nonimmune hydrops. In: Creasy RK, Resnik R, Iams JD (eds.) Maternal-Fetal Medicine. 5th ed. Saunders, Philadelphia, 2004. pp. 503–576.
Xu F, Schillinger JA, Sternberg MR et al. Seroprevalence and coinfection with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in the United States, 1988–1994. J Infect Dis 2002; 185: 1019–1924.
Yow MD, Williamson DW, Leeds LJ et al. Epidemiologic characteristics of cytomegalovirus infection in mothers and infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 158: 1189–1195.
Zhaomeng H. The relationship between congenital malformation of newborn and hepatitis B virus infection in pregnant women. Chin J Epidemiol 1988; 9: 360–363.
Own Publications
Ács N, Bánhidy F, Puhó E, Czeizel AE. Possible association of maternal infectious diarrheas in pregnant women and congenital abnormalities in their offspring. Scand J Infect Dis. 2010 (in press).
Métneki J, Puhó E, Czeizel AE. Maternal diseases and isolated orofacial clefts in Hungary. Birth Defects Res A 2005; 73: 617–622.
Czeizel AE, Evans JA, Kodaj I, Lenz W. Congenital Limb Deficiencies in Hungary. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1994.
Ács N, Bánhidy F, Puhó E, Czeizel AE. Maternal influenza during pregnancy and risk of congenital abnormalities in offspring. Birth Defects Res A 2005; 73: 989–996.
Czeizel AE, Puho HE, Ács N, Bánhidy F. High fever-related maternal diseases as a possible cause of multiple congenital abnormalities. A population-based case-control study. Birth Defects Res A 2007; 79: 544–551.
Czeizel AE, Ács N, Bánidy F et al. Primary prevention of congenital abnormalities due to high fever related maternal diseases by antifever therapy and folic acid supplementation. Curr Woman Health Rev 2007; 3: 1–12.
Czeizel AE, Ács N, Bánhidy F, Vogt G. Possible association between maternal disease during pregnancy and congenital abnormalities. In: Engel JV (ed.) Birth Defects: New Research. Nova Science Publ., New York, 2006. pp. 55–70.
Czeizel AE. Reduction of urinary tract and cardiovascular defects by periconceptional multivitamin supplementation. Am J Med Genet 1996; 62: 179–183.
Czeizel AE, Dobó M, Vargha P. Hungarian two-cohort study of periconceptional multivitamin supplementation to prevent congenital abnormalities. Birth Defects Res Part A 2004; 70: 853–861.
Gidai J, Bács É, Czeizel AE. Magzati varicellabetegség (Fetal varicella disease). Orvosi Hetilap (Hungarian with English abstract) 2007; 148: 1373–1379.
Bánhidy F, Puhó HE, Ács N, Czeizel AE. Possible association between maternal recurrent orofacial herpes in pregnancy and lower rate of preterm birth. J Mat-Fet Neonat Med 2006; 19: 537–542.
Bánhidy F, Puho E, Ács N, Czeizel AE. Possible indirect association between maternal recurrent orofacial herpes on pregnancy and higher risk for congenital abnormalities. J Turkish-German Gynec Ass 2007. 8: 1–11.
Czeizel AE, Dudás I. Prevention of the first occurrence of neural-tube defects by periconceptional vitamin supplementation. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 1832–1835.
Czeizel AE. Ten years of experience in periconceptional care. Eur J Obstet Gynec Reprod Biol 1999; 84: 43–49.
Ács N, Bánhidy F, Puho E, Czeizel AE. No association between maternal recurrent genital herpes in pregnancy and higher risk for congenital abnormalities. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2008; 87: 292–299.
Czeizel AE, Kiss P, Osztovics M, Pazonyi I. Nationwide investigation of multiple malformations. Acta Paediat Acad Sci Hung 1978; 19: 275–280.
Bánhidy F, Ács N, Puhó HE, Czeizel AE. Birth outcomes among pregnant women with genital warts. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2010; 108: 153–154.
Czeizel AE. Coxsackievirus and congenital malformations. J Am Med Ass (JAMA) 1967; 201: 153.
Medveczky E, Puhó E, Czeizel AE. The evaluation of maternal illnesses in the origin of neural-tube defects. Arch Gynec Obstet 2004; 270: 244–251.
Rockenbauer M, Olsen J, Czeizel AE et al. Recall bias in a case-control surveillance system on the use of medicine during pregnancy. Epidemiology 2001; 12: 461–466.
Janko M, Czeizel AE. Epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Hungary. Parasit Hung 1970; 3: 119–132.
Czeizel AE, Janko M. An estimation on the incidence of toxoplasmosis infection during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1970; 106: 776–779.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ács, N., Bánhidy, F.G., Czeizel, A.E. (2010). Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases. In: Ács, N., Bánhidy, F., Czeizel, A. (eds) Congenital Abnormalities and Preterm Birth Related to Maternal Illnesses During Pregnancy. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8620-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8620-4_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-8619-8
Online ISBN: 978-90-481-8620-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)