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Citrus Integrated Pest Management in Italy

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Book cover Integrated Management of Arthropod Pests and Insect Borne Diseases

Part of the book series: Integrated Management of Plant Pests and Diseases ((IMPD,volume 5))

Abstract

Main insect pests of citrus in Italy are presented, with details on their biology and main natural enemies. They are the California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii, the Oleander scale, Aspidiotus nerii, the Citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri, the Citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella and the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata. Management of A. aurantii is generally based on integrated control strategies supported by a monitoring system through pheromone traps. Natural enemies include predatory beetles and endoparasitoids. Aspidiotus nerii is controlled by predatory beetles and Aphelinid parasitoids. Management relies on pruning, chemical control and monitoring through sticky tapes. Several predators (spiders, true bugs, lacewings and ants) feed on P. citrella, with over 90 parasitoid species. Natural enemies of P. citri include predators and endoparasitoids, which provide satisfactory control. Ceratitis capitata is the main pest of citrus; biological control with parasitoids had limited success. Its populations are limited by microorganisms and occasional predators, cultural methods, chemicals and attractive traps. Management and control of secondary pests of citrus, like whiteflies, some scales and moths, are also discussed.

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  1. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Fitosanitarie, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy

    Lucia Zappalà

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  1. Lucia Zappalà
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  1. Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, Sezione di Bari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Amendola 122/D, Bari, 70126, Italy

    Aurelio Ciancio

  2. Dept. Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India

    K.G. Mukerji

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Zappalà, L. (2010). Citrus Integrated Pest Management in Italy. In: Ciancio, A., Mukerji, K. (eds) Integrated Management of Arthropod Pests and Insect Borne Diseases. Integrated Management of Plant Pests and Diseases, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8606-8_4

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