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Smoking and Mental Disorders: Focus on Neuroprotection

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Brain Protection in Schizophrenia, Mood and Cognitive Disorders

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Abstract

Smoking is the number one preventable risk factor for mortality in general, especially through its actions on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. As such, it can be considered as a highly offensive factor for the organism nervous system, mostly through its actions on its vasculature. On the other hand, smoking can be regarded as a protective factor against one neurodegenerative disease (Parkinson Disease), while its major psychoactive ingredient, nicotine, and perhaps other substances, can act in the central nervous system to alleviate many symptoms of various cognitive and psychiatric disorders – Alzheimer Disease, Schizophrenia, depression and more. Therefore, smoking cessation, that can reverse cerebrovascular disease, could be thought of as a neuroprotective treatment, but with some risk potential regarding the above mentioned benefical role of smoking and nicotine on the central nervous system disorders. The literature on smoking cessation in psychiatric disorders is very recent and relatively sparse, focusing mostly on schizophrenia and depression.

This chapter will focus on the association between smoking and neuroprotection – from one hand, smoking as a risk factor for one of the major offenses on the central nervous system – cerebrovascular disease. From the other hand, smoking putative beneficial role on neuropsychiatric disorders: degenerative disorders – Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease, schizophrenia and depressive disorder.

Hence smoking cessation can be looked upon as an intervention with neuroprotective features there would be a brief summary of the existing experience of smoking cessation intervention in schizophrenia, depression as well as in the general population.

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Abbreviations

ADHD:

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

CBT:

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

CI:

Confidence Interval

COPD:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

CVD:

Cerebro Vascular Disease

DSM:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

ECA:

Epidemiological Catchment Area

ERP:

Event Related Potential

GNHIES:

German National Health Interview and Examination Survey

IHD:

Ischemic Heart Disease

MAO:

Mono Amine Oxidase

MDD:

Major Depressive Disorder

MRI:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

NCS:

National Catchment Survey

NESARC:

National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

NRT:

Nicotine Replacement Therapy

OR:

Odds Ratio

PD:

Parkinson Disease

PET:

Positron Emission Tomography

RR:

Relative Risk

RT:

Reaction Time

SNICAS:

Smoking and Nicotine Dependence Awareness and Screening

TACOS:

Transitions in Alcohol Consumption and Smoking

VTA:

Ventral Tegmental Area

WML:

White Matter Lesions

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel

    Tsafrir Loebl M.D. (Senior Psychiatrist)

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  1. Sha'ar Menashe Mental Health Center, Hadera, 38814, Israel

    Michael S. Ritsner

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Loebl, T. (2010). Smoking and Mental Disorders: Focus on Neuroprotection. In: Ritsner, M. (eds) Brain Protection in Schizophrenia, Mood and Cognitive Disorders. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8553-5_18

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