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Chapter 13 Biosynthesis and Function of Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), the Signature Lipid of Chloroplasts

  • Chapter
Book cover The Chloroplast

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 31))

Summary

Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) is a predominant membrane constituent of chloroplasts and other plastids, which occupies more than 50% of total photosynthetic membrane lipids. Therefore, the biosynthesis of MGDG has been considered to be crucial for plant photosynthetic function. Since the success in the identification of MGDG synthase from cucumber, significant progress was made in this decade to unravel the nature of MGDG synthase. These include not only basic studies with regard to biochemical features, regulatory systems, in vivo function, but also emerging new focus such as tools for searching the evolutionary origin of chloroplasts, design of herbicides and functions of novel class of oxylipin-containing galactolipids. In this article, we review advances made in this decade to understand a broad array of function and biosynthetic pathways of MGDG.

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Abbreviations

BA:

6-benzyladenine

DAG:

sn-1,2 diacylglycerol

DGDG:

digalactosyldiacylglycerol

DTT:

dithiothreitol

GL2:

GLABRA2

GT:

glycosyltransferase

IAA:

indole-3-acetic acid

LPP:

lipid phosphate phosphatase

MGD:

monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase

MGDG:

monogalactosyldiacylglycerol

MGDG-O:

12-oxophytodienoic acid-containing monogalactosyldiacylglycerol

MGlcDG:

monoglucosyldiacylglycerol

NEM:

N-ethylmaleimide

NPA:

N-(1-naphthyl) phthalamic acid

NPC:

non-specific phospholipase C

OPDA:

12-oxophytodienoic acid

PA:

phosphatidic acid

PAP:

phosphatidic acid phosphatase

PC:

phosphatidylcholine

PCIB:

p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid

PE:

phosphatidylethanolamine

PG:

phosphatidylglycerol

Phi:

phosphite

Pi:

phosphate

PI:

phosphatidylinositol

PLC:

phospholipase C

PLD:

phospholipase D

SQDG:

sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol

TAG:

triacylglycerol

TIBA:

2,3,5-triiodobenzole

UDP-Gal:

uridine diphosphate-galactose

UDP-Glc:

uridine diphosphate-glucose

WT:

wild type

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by a Grand-in-aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas Nos.17051009 and 18056007 from MEXT of Japan. Y.N, and K.K were supported by a doctoral fellowship from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Centre for Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore

    Yuki Nakamura

  2. Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-65 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan

    Mie Shimojima

  3. Research Center for the Evolving Earth and Planets, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-65 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan

    Hiroyuki Ohta

  4. Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-65 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan

    Koichi Shimojima

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  3. Hiroyuki Ohta
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  4. Koichi Shimojima
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hiroyuki Ohta .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Rebeiz Foundation for Basic Research, Champaign, USA

    Constantin A. Rebeiz

  2. Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA

    Christoph Benning

  3. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA

    Hans J. Bohnert

  4. Central Florida University, Orlando, USA

    Henry Daniell

  5. Arizona State University, Tempe, USA

    J. Kenneth Hoober

  6. University of Karlsruhe, Germany

    Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler

  7. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA

    Archie R. Portis

  8. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    Baishnab C. Tripathy

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Nakamura, Y., Shimojima, M., Ohta, H., Shimojima, K. (2010). Chapter 13 Biosynthesis and Function of Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), the Signature Lipid of Chloroplasts. In: Rebeiz, C.A., et al. The Chloroplast. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 31. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8531-3_13

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