Abstract
Our aim in this chapter is to describe the forest transition from preindustrial to industrial forestry, to review the existing theories of forest transition, and to integrate them with the theories of ecological economics, new institutional economics, property rights, public goods, and forest-based development into a universal system causality theory of forest transition. The comparison of a historical transition from deforestation to sustained yield forestry (SYF) in Finland with continuous deforestation in the tropics required relevant theory. Otherwise, the direct comparison of the countries in different development stages, cultures, and ecological conditions would be risky. Therefore, the existing relevant theories are reviewed and an integration of them is made.
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Palo, M., Lehto, E. (2012). Theory, Method and Data. In: Private or Socialistic Forestry?. World Forests, vol 10. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3896-8_2
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