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Photosensitizers in Medicine, Environment, and Security pp 391–431Cite as

Exogenously Induced Endogenous Photosensitizers

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Abstract

The photosensitizing properties of endogenous porphyrins have been discovered about 100 years ago. Since then they have become an attractive means to detect and treat neoplastic tissue by fluorescence photodetection (PD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The probably most important endogenous photosensitizer is protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), the direct precursor of heme. It accumulates preferentially in neoplastic cells upon administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). 5-ALA is an early precursor of heme. When applied exogenously it takes up the function of a prodrug, which is converted into PPIX by the enzymes of the heme biosynthetic pathway. Numerous approaches have been undertaken to improve the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of 5-ALA PDT with respect to tissue selectivity and biocompatibility. This chapter shall give an overview of the methods used to optimize 5-ALA PDT and PD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lausanne, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH – 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland

    Gesine Heuck & Norbert Lange

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  1. Gesine Heuck
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  2. Norbert Lange
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Correspondence to Gesine Heuck .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa

    Tebello Nyokong

  2. Dept. Chemistry, Gebze Institute of Technology, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Vefa Ahsen

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Heuck, G., Lange, N. (2011). Exogenously Induced Endogenous Photosensitizers. In: Nyokong, T., Ahsen, V. (eds) Photosensitizers in Medicine, Environment, and Security. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3872-2_8

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