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Iron and Bacterial Biofilm Development

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Book cover Microbial Mats

Part of the book series: Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology ((COLE,volume 14))

Abstract

Iron is an essential element for nearly all organisms on earth including most bacteria, which have to acquire iron to maintain growth. Iron is an important cofactor of many enzymes, serving as a cofactor in electron carrying proteins, and is also important for RNA and DNA metabolism. Although iron is required for growth, high concentrations can be toxic as excess iron promotes generation of free radicals via the Fenton reaction, radicals that damage DNA, proteins, and the cell membrane (Touati, 2000). At the beginning of life on earth, iron was readily available and soluble. However, as our planet matured the levels of oxygen in the atmosphere increased, resulting in dramatically reduced iron solubility, exacerbating the toxic effects associated with this element. Consequently, bacteria had to develop sophisticated mechanisms to scavenge iron from dilute environmental sources and in parallel regulate tightly cellular iron homeostasis. It is interesting to note that as life on earth continues to evolve, the role of iron as an essential element is maintained. Although the microbial growth requirement for iron has been known for many years, it was discovered only recently that this metal serves also as a signal for bacterial biofilm development. In this chapter, we will review the most recent findings concerning iron regulation of biofilm formation within the more general context of the relationship between iron and bacteria in the environment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel

    Ofir Avidan, Shirley Satanower & Ehud Banin

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  1. Ofir Avidan
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  2. Shirley Satanower
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  3. Ehud Banin
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Correspondence to Ofir Avidan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Jerusalem, Mevo Hadas 20, Efrat, 90435, Israel

    Joseph Seckbach

  2. Inst. Life Sciences, Div. Microbial and Molecular Ecology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram Campus, Jerusalem, 91 904, Israel

    Aharon Oren

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© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

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Avidan, O., Satanower, S., Banin, E. (2010). Iron and Bacterial Biofilm Development. In: Seckbach, J., Oren, A. (eds) Microbial Mats. Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, vol 14. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3799-2_19

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