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Evolutionary History and Taxonomy of Red Algae

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Red Algae in the Genomic Age

Part of the book series: Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology ((COLE,volume 13))

Abstract

The red algae (Rhodophyta) form a distinct photosynthetic eukaryotic lineage that consists of around 6,000 species including unicellular to large multicellular taxa (http://www.algaebase.org/). The red algae are unique among eukaryotes in lacking both flagella and centrioles during their entire life cycle (Gabrielson et al., 1990; Graham and Wilcox, 2000). Pit connections, pit plugs, and a triphasic life cycle that are mostly found in the Florideophyceae are also distinguishing characters of the red algae. The photosynthetic organelle (plastid) of red algae is bounded by two membranes and contains chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and phycoerythrin as photosynthetic pigments. These pigment complexes, organized in phycobilisomes, are located on the surface of unstacked thylakoid membranes to capture light energy. As a storage product, the red algae produce granulated floridean starch in the cytoplasm that is different from green algal starch. In addition to these unique features, the monophyly of red algae is strongly supported by nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial gene trees (Freshwater et al., 1994; Ragan et al., 1994; Van de Peer and De Wachter, 1997; Burger et al., 1999; Yoon et al., 2002b, 2004).

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. N. J. Butterfield for kindly providing the Bangiomorpha fossil images. This project was partially supported from the National Science Foundation Assembling the Tree of Life program to HSY and DB (DEB-0937975).

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  1. Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 180 McKown Point Road, 04575, West Boothbay Harbor, ME, USA

    Hwan Su Yoon

  2. School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, 6006140, Wellington, New Zealand

    Giuseppe C. Zuccarello

  3. Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 08901, USA

    Debashish Bhattacharya

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Correspondence to Hwan Su Yoon .

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  1. University of Jerusalem, Mevo Hadas 20, Efrat, 90435, Israel

    Joseph Seckbach

  2. Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, USA

    David J. Chapman

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Yoon, H.S., Zuccarello, G.C., Bhattacharya, D. (2010). Evolutionary History and Taxonomy of Red Algae. In: Seckbach, J., Chapman, D. (eds) Red Algae in the Genomic Age. Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, vol 13. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3795-4_2

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