Abstract
University rankings have become widely influential in the last 10 years, both on a national and international scale. Rankings as a consumer information tool can function as an effective quality assurance mechanism. Most existing university rankings, however, seem to distort rather than improve the higher education market. The CHE ranking in Germany is an exception. It is a carefully designed ranking that minimizes the main conceptual and methodological problems that university rankings commonly face. The analysis in the chapter concludes that commercially oriented entities alone cannot provide a high quality university ranking. Original data collection and data verification is a costly activity and there is a strong incentive for commercial providers to rely on easily available statistics. Therefore, even if a commercial venue can be effective in compiling, presenting and marketing relevant information, the quality of a university ranking depends on the data collected by public or not-for-profit agencies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Outside the USA, university rankings are often described as ‘‘league tables,’ reflecting the published rankings or standings of international football (i.e., soccer) teams. In this chapter, the term league tables will be used synonymously with university rankings.
- 2.
- 3.
An important exception was the Good University Guide in Australia, which will be discussed below.
- 4.
The CHE website http://www.che.de and the document CHE (2006) are used as primary source for the description below.
- 5.
- 6.
For example, reputational surveys provide 16% of the total score in the Macleans ranking, 25% in the USNWR ranking, and 50% in the THES World ranking (Berghoff and Federkeil 2006).
References
Astin, A. W. (1996). Involvement in learning revisited. Journal of College Student Development, 40(5), 587–597.
Berghoff, S., Federkeil, G. (2006). Reputation indicators in university rankings. Paper presented at the Consortium of Higher Education Researchers (CHER) 19th Annual Research Conference, Kassel, Germany.
Bollag, B. (2006). International group endorses principles for ranking of higher-education institutions. Chronicle of Higher Education, June 1. http://chronicle.com/daily/2006/06/2006060103n.htm. Accessed 12 June 2009.
Berchem, T. (1991). The internationalization of higher education: The German perspective. Higher Education, 21(2), 297–304.
Bowden, R. (2000). Fantasy higher education: University and college league tables. Quality in Higher Education, 6(1), 41–60.
CHE. (2006). CHE HochschulRanking 2006: Vorgehensweise und Indikatoren. http://www.che.de/downloads/Methoden_2006.pdf. Accessed 12 June 2009.
Clarke, M. (2002). Some guidelines for academic quality rankings. Higher Education in Europe, 27(4), 443–459.
Connor, H., Burton, R., Pearson, R., Pollard, E., Regan, J. (1999). Making the right choice: How students choose universities and colleges. London: Universities UK.
Dill, D. D. (2009). Convergence and diversity: The role and influence of university rankings. In B. M. Kehm, B. Stensaker (Eds.), University rankings, diversity, and the new landscape of higher education. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
Dill, D. D., Soo, M. (2005). Academic quality, league tables, and public policy: A cross-national analysis of university ranking systems. Higher Education, 49(4), 495–533.
The Economist (2007). News from the schools. March 16, 2007. http://www.economist.com/business/globalexecutive/education/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8814515. Accessed 30 March 2007.
Ehrenberg, R. G. (2002). Tuition rising: Why college costs so much. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press.
Ehrenberg, R. G. (2003). Method or madness? Inside the USNWR college rankings. Paper presented at the Wisconsin Center for the Advancement of Postsecondary Education Forum on The Abuse of College Rankings, Madison, Wisconsin, 20–21 November.
Federkeil, G. (2002). The CHE-/Stern-ranking. Presentation at the International Roundtable on Statistical Indicators for the Quality Assessment of Higher/Tertiary Education Institutions, Warsaw, Poland, 13–15 June 2002.
Federkeil, G. (2003). The lack of a national policy regime of quality assurance in Germany: Implications and alternatives. Higher Education Management and Policy, 15(2), 63–71.
Frackmann, W. (1990). Resistance to change or no need for change? The survival of German higher education in the 1990s. European Journal of Education, 25(2), 187–202.
Gormley, W. T. Jr., Weimer, D. L. (1999). Organizational report cards. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
Heine, C., Kerst, C., Sommer, D. (2007). Studienanfänger im Wintersemester 2005/06 Wege zum Studium, Studien- und Hochschulwahl, Situation bei Studienbeginn. Forum Hochschule 1/2007. HIS Hochschul-Informations-System GmbH.
Heine, C., Willich, J. (2006). Informationsverhalten und Entscheidungsfindung bei der Studien- und Ausbildungswahl Studienberechtigte 2005 ein halbes Jahr vor dem Erwerb der Hochschulreife. Forum Hochschule 3/2006. HIS Hochschul-Informations-System GmbH.
IREG (2006). Berlin principles on ranking of higher education institutions. http://www.ihep.org/assets/files/publications/a-f/BerlinPrinciplesRanking.pdf. Accessed 12 June 2009.
James, R., Baldwin, G., McInnis, C. (1999). Which university? The factor influencing the choices of prospective undergraduates. Canberra, ACT: Australian Government Publishing Service.
Kehm, B. M. (2006). The German “Initiative for Excellence” and the issue of ranking. International Higher Education, 44(Summer). http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/newsletter/Number44/p20_Kehm.htm. Accessed 12 June 2009.
McDonough, P. M., Antonio, A. L., Perez, L. X. (1998). College rankings: Democratized college knowledge for whom? Research in Higher Education, 39(5), 513–537.
Merisotis, J. (2006). Introductory remarks. CHEA International Commission Meeting, 25–26 January 2006. http://www.chea.org/international/commission2006/JMerisotis_IntroRemarks _IC012606.pdf. Accessed March 30, 2007.
Müller-Böling, M., Federkeil, G. (2007). The CHE-ranking of German, Swiss, and Austrian universities. In J. Sadlak, L. N. Cai (Eds.), The world-class university and ranking: Aiming beyond status (pp. 189–203). Bucharest, Romania: Cluj University Press.
Ostriker, J. P., Kuh, C. (2003). Assessing research-doctorate programs: A methodological study. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Ott, R. (1999). Darstellung und Beurteilung von Hochschul-Rankings in Deutchland. Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung, 4, 309–322.
RAPID (2008). Ranking Europe’s universities. IP/08/1942 (December 11, 2008). http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/08/1942&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en. Accessed 12 June 2009.
Rolfe, H. (2003). University strategy in an age of uncertainty: The effect of higher education funding on old and new universities. Higher Education Quarterly, 57(1), 24–47.
Smith, J., McKnight, A., Naylor, R. (2000). Graduate employability: Policy and performance in higher education in the UK. The Economic Journal, 110(464), 382–411.
Terenzini, P. T., Pascarella, E. T. (1994). Living with myths: Undergraduate education in America. Change, 26(1), 28–32.
Usher, A., Savino, M. (2006). A world of difference: A global survey of university league tables. Canadian Education Report Series. The Educational Policy Institute. http://www.educationalpolicy.org/pdf/World-of-Difference-200602162.pdf. Accessed 30 March, 2007.
Westerheijden, D. F., Federkeil, G., Cremonini, L., Kaiser, F., Soo, M. (2008). Piloting the CHE ranking of study programmes in Flanders and the Netherlands. Enschede, the Netherlands: CHEPS.
Wissenschaftsrat (1985). Empfehlungen zum Wettbewerb im Deutschen Hochschulsystem. Cologne, Germany: Wissenschaftsrat.
Van Dyke, N. (2005). Twenty years of university report cards. Higher Education in Europe, 30(2), 103–125.
Webster, D. S. (1992). Reputational rankings of colleges, universities, and individual disciplines and fields of study, from their beginnings to the present. In J. C. Smart (Ed.), Higher Education: Handbook of theory and research, Vol. VIII (pp. 234–304). New York: Agathon Press.
Yorke, M. (1997). A good league table guide? Quality Assurance in Education, 5(2), 61–72.
Acknowledgement
We would like to thank Gero Federkeil for providing us with valuable information on the CHE ranking system and for his helpful comments on an earlier draft of the chapter.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Beerkens, M., Dill, D.D. (2010). The CHE University Ranking in Germany. In: Dill, D., Beerkens, M. (eds) Public Policy for Academic Quality. Higher Education Dynamics, vol 30. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3754-1_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3754-1_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-3753-4
Online ISBN: 978-90-481-3754-1
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)