Abstract
Alvin Plantinga’s externalist religious epistemology, which incorporates a proper function account of warrant, forms the basis for his standard and extended Aquinas/Calvin models. Respectively, these models show how it could be that Theistic Belief and Christian Belief could be warranted for believers in a properly basic manner. Christianity and Islam share fundamental theses that underlie the plausibility of Plantinga’s models: the Dependency Thesis, the Design Thesis, and the Immediacy Thesis. Accordingly, an Islamic worldview can endorse the truth of the standard A/C model but recommend a uniquely Islamic extension. Thus, there are multiple viable extensions of the standard A/C model. That there are Multiple Viable Extensions of the standard A/C model grounds the Multiple Viable Extensions Objection (MVE): given the truth of the standard A/C model, it is more likely than not that a given extension of it is probably incorrect, thus those who accept some extension of the standard A/C model have a reason to think that model they affirm is incorrect. After considering the plausibility of second-order knowledge states and responding to objections, I conclude that because a uniquely Islamic extension of the standard A/C model advocates a limited second-order awareness condition on knowledge, it is plausible to think that an Islamic model of warrant (and its corresponding Islamic extension) suggests ways in which a satisfactory response to the MVE objection might be formulated.
Key Words
- Basic Belief: immediate belief
- internalism
- externalism
- Rationality: internal
- external
- evidentialism
- object-level knowledge
- object-level awareness
- testimony
- second-order awareness
- Second-Order Knowledge: meta-level knowledge knowing that one knows
- true and genuine knowledge
- warrant
- proper functionalism
- (second-order) awareness requirement on knowledge
- limited awareness requirement
- Aquinas/Calvin model (A/C model): standard and extended
- Islamic model of warrant
- Theistic Belief
- Islamic Belief
- Christian Belief
- Sensus Divinitatus
- design plan
- The Dependency Thesis
- The Design Thesis
- The Immediacy Thesis
- doubt
- reason
- testimonial knowledge
- multiple viable extensions objection (and defeater)
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Baldwin, E. (2010). On the Prospects of an Islamic Externalist Account of Warrant. In: Tymieniecka, AT., Muhtaroglu, N. (eds) Classic Issues in Islamic Philosophy and Theology Today. Islamic Philosophy and Occidental Phenomenology in Dialogue, vol 4. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3573-8_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3573-8_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-3572-1
Online ISBN: 978-90-481-3573-8
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