Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

British Thought on the Relations Between the Natural Sciences and the Humanities, c. 1870–1910

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Historical Perspectives on Erklären and Verstehen

Part of the book series: Archimedes ((ARIM,volume 21))

  • 878 Accesses

Abstract

The fact is that debate about explanation and understanding in science, and the related debate about relations between Naturwissenschaften and Geisteswissenschaften, was a German-language debate conducted in German philosophical terms. There was no late nineteenth-century English-language argument about the same matters. There is no direct comparison to make, unless, that is, we were to take an essentialist view of philosophical questions and, as a result, look for what English-language writers missed, transformed into local idiom or substituted for the issues of substance rightly formulated by German-language philosophers and wrongly ignored by British ones. By contrast, if we take our cue from what Uljana Feest, in her introduction, refers to as ‘the thicket’ of issues and debates in the late nineteenth century, rather than from imagining that there was one debate, possibilities for comparison open up.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The Oxford English Dictionary (completed 1928) described naturalism as ‘a view of the world, and of man’s relation to it, in which only the operation of natural (as opposed to supernatural of spiritual) laws and forces is admitted or assumed’ (The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (1979, 1,899)). The variety of meanings of ‘naturalism’ were recognised in the late nineteenth century: Andrew Seth, ‘Note A. The use of the word “naturalism”’ (Seth 1897, 289-303).

  2. 2.

    In the course of discussions at the Metaphysical Society: Huxley, ‘Agnosticism’ (Huxley [1889] 1892, 352-357; Brown 1947; Lightman 1987).

  3. 3.

    Huxley, ‘Prologue’ (Huxley 1892b, 35), portrayed ‘the principle of the scientific Naturalism of the latter half of the nineteenth century’ as the culmination of the Scientific Revolution. In the title of his 1892 book, Huxley (1892) referred to ‘controverted questions’; he had in mind ‘naturalism’ versus ‘supernaturalism’. Also, Paradis (1978, 178-180) and, more widely, Turner 1974).

  4. 4.

    I use ‘idealist’ consistently to name metaphysical positions, in contrast to the ‘idealism’ which denotes commitment to ideals.

  5. 5.

    For the argument that just this kind of characterisation of Englishness created a stereotype at the end of the nineteenth century, see Colls and Dodd (1986). Ignorance of philosophy was Perry Anderson’s accusation in his much cited Left critique: (Anderson [1968] 1992).

    For the questionable standing of ‘the intellectual’ in Britain, see Collini (2006).

  6. 6.

    For Mill’s involvement with argument about cultural values, which he saw as the argument between ‘experience’ and ‘intuitionism’, see Rothblatt (1968, Chapter 3).

  7. 7.

    For shifting positions on what we would call ethics, see Schneewind (1977, Part I). Mill himself actually excluded ethics from the sciences on the grounds that it is a practical discipline.

  8. 8.

    Naturalism, as a set of claims about the world, and empiricism, as an epistemology, were often but not necessarily associated. It is appropriate for the philosopher F. H. Bradley to be discussed in a separate paper, by Christopher Pincock, in this volume. Bradley’s position combined idealism 8 (continued) (supported by philosophical argument) with his own interpretation of naturalism (preserving the autonomy of scientific knowledge, including history and psychology, freed of metaphysical intentions). Bradley’s severe, intensely philosophical and original writings make him difficult to fit into any generalisation - except as disproof of the supposed ineptness of the English for philosophy. His contributions were a sign of the increasingly academic context of philosophical work, and it is notable that the writers for a wider audience, with whom this paper is largely concerned, rarely cited him. In later life, Bradley actually became a recluse.

  9. 9.

    For an assessment of Buckle’s lack of influence in Britain, see Stephen (1880).

  10. 10.

    There is a large literature on the Victorian relations of science and religion; for an introduction, see Brooke (1991, Chapters 7 and 8). An expansion of the present paper would have to go into the place of theology in classifications of science and knowledge and not just only into the place of Christian belief.

  11. 11.

    Also quoted in Lightman (2004, 201). More widely, see Turner (1978).

  12. 12.

    The peculiarity of conflating ‘natural science’ and ‘science’ has not been adequately explored, yet it lies at the heart of the subsequent debates about the relations among different forms of knowledge. See Ross (1962). For exemplification of the argument that historians should replace studies of relations between forms of knowledge by studies of construction of the identity of individuals and communities, see White (2003).

  13. 13.

    The critic John Ruskin, on similar grounds, was a vehement opponent of the restricted meaning of the word ‘science’; see Ross (1962, 70f.).

  14. 14.

    Lord Reay was also President of the Royal Asiatic Society.

  15. 15.

    I have not found a considered historical study of these questions.

  16. 16.

    Historians once assumed that precisely this consensus did not survive the Great War. But it can be argued that a belief in common biological and moral progress survived much longer in Britain. See, e.g., Smith (2003).

  17. 17.

    Compare Hawthorne ([1976] 1987, 170): ‘Sociology was virtually absent in England as an intellectually and academically distinctive pursuit because it was virtually everywhere present as part of the general liberal and liberal-socialist consensus.’

  18. 18.

    See Collini et al. (1983, 214). Mill ([1843] 1900, 598) had written: ‘History accordingly does, when judiciously examined, afford Empirical Laws of Society.’

  19. 19.

    The quotation is from the editors’ introduction to The Cambridge Modern History, using words taken from Acton’s ‘Letter to the contributors to the Cambridge Modern History’ (of which an extract is reprinted in Stern ([1956] 1973, 247-249).

    This study of ‘modern’ history began with the Renaissance; the chairs in the field, however, at both Cambridge and Oxford, dated modern history from the fall of the Roman Empire, reflecting the academic roots of history in Classics.

  20. 20.

    Kenyon (1983, 175) himself simply dismissed historians’ claims to ‘scientific pretensions’.

  21. 21.

    Collini et al. (1983, Chapter 7; Harvie 1976; Rothblatt 1968, 155-180). For the historians’ moral mission and claim to educate a liberal elite fit for government, see Soffer (1994).

  22. 22.

    Also Annan (1955); Collini (1999). For further English opposition to German scholarship, see Freeman’s (1886, 288) remark about ‘the fashionable idolatry of the latest German book’.

  23. 23.

    For Froude, see Burrow (1981, Part IV).

  24. 24.

    I have attempted to develop an extended account of the relation between ‘the moral sciences’ and the more recent conception of ‘the human sciences’, and to relate both to the natural sciences, in Smith (2007).

  25. 25.

    Henry Sidgwick’s studies of ethics made the formal statement of the distinction familiar; see Schneewind (1977). Sidgwick was Knightsbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Cambridge.

  26. 26.

    For Cambridge, see Robertson (1891), and more generally Hearnshaw (1964, 171-172, 174-175, 181). (The anecdote, which has Cambridge dons claiming that psycho-physical apparatus would ‘insult religion by putting the human soul in a pair of scales’, appears apocryphal.) For the BAAS, Myers (1932).

  27. 27.

    As Ward noted, this book was an extended version of the already long article he had written on ‘Psychology’ for the Encyclopaedia Britannica in the 1880s (Ward 1886).

  28. 28.

    Stout also maintained that the ideal form of psychological knowledge would take a ‘genetic’, that is, a developmental, viewpoint, but he eschewed this as inappropriate for his textbook.

  29. 29.

    I do not mean to deny the contribution of those like Darwin, followed by G. J. Romanes, and also of Spencer and the physiologists who extended the sensory-motor analysis of the nervous system to the functions of the brain, all of whom suggested an evolutionary approach to mind based on the study of elementary functions. See Richards (1987); Young (1970).

  30. 30.

    For Ward’s troubled reactions to naturalism, see Turner (1974, Chapter 8). Ward and Stout attempted to focus psychological analysis on ‘activity’, and in this context Bradley’s work was important. Herbart, Lotze and Brentano were significant German influences.

  31. 31.

    This James attempted to resolve through his philosophy of pure experience; see Myers (1986).

  32. 32.

    For James’s highly personal involvement with the status of scientific knowledge, see David Leary’s contribution to this volume.

  33. 33.

    E.g., Outhwaite (1975). A helpful survey is Bernstein ([1976] 1979).

  34. 34.

    Earlier, translations, as well as the late writings in English, of Cassirer had had importance in this way.

  35. 35.

    Thus stimulating an interest in narrative: (Danto 1965; Gallie 1964).

References

  • Abrams P (1968) The origins of british sociology 1834-1914: An Essay with Selected Papers. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrams P (1985) The uses of British sociology, 1831-1981. In: Bulmer M (ed.) Essays on the History of British Sociological Research. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 181-205

    Google Scholar 

  • Acton, Lord [J.E.E.D. Acton, 1st Baron Acton] ([1906] 1960) Inaugural lecture on the study of history [Delivered 1895]. In: Lectures on Modern History. Reprinted with an introduction by H. Trevor-Roper. Collins Fontana, London, pp 17-41

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson P ([1968] 1992) Components of the national culture. In: English Questions. Verso, London, pp 48-104

    Google Scholar 

  • Annan N (1955) The intellectual aristocracy. In: Plumb JH (ed.) Studies in Social History: Atribute to G. M. Trevelyan. Longmans, London, pp 243-287

    Google Scholar 

  • Annan N (1959) The curious strength of positivism in English political thought. L. T. Hobhouse Memorial Trust lecture, no. 28. Oxford University Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (1903-1904) A brief account of the foundation of the academy. Proc Br Acad 1:vii-ix

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldick C (1983) The Social Mission of English Criticism 1848-1932. Clarendon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Balfour AJ (1879) A Defence of Philosophic Doubt: Being an Essay on the Foundations of Belief. Macmillan, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Balfour AJ (1895) The Foundations of Belief: Being Notes Introductory to the Study of Theology. Longmans, Green, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein RJ ([1976] 1979) The restructuring of Social and Political Theory. Methuen, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosanquet B (1912) The principle of individuality and value: the Gifford lectures for 1911 delivered in Edinburgh University. Macmillan, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Boucher D (ed) (1997) The British Idealists. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooke JH (1991) Science and Religion: Some Historical Perspectives. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown AW (1947) The Metaphysical Society: Victorian Minds in Crisis, 1869-1880. Columbia University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Burrow JW (1966) Evolution and Society: A Study in Victorian Social Theory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Burrow JW (1981) A Liberal Descent: Victorian Historians and the English Past. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bury JB (1903) An inaugural lecture delivered in the Divinity School Cambridge on January 26. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Bury JB (1913) A History of Freedom of Thought. Williams & Norgate, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Collini S (1978) Sociology and idealism in Britain: 1880-1920. Archives européenes de sociologie 19:3-50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collini S (1979) Liberalism and Sociology: L. T. Hobhouse and Political Argument in England 1880-1914. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Collini S (1991) Public Moralists: Political Thought and Intellectual Life in Britain 1850-1930. Clarendon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Collini S (1999) Writing ‘the national history’: Trevelyan and after. In: English Pasts: Essays in History and Culture. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 9-37

    Google Scholar 

  • Collini S (2006) Absent Minds: Intellectuals in Britain. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Collini S, Winch D, Burrow J (1983) That Noble Science of Politics: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Intellectual History. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Colls R, Dodd P (eds) (1986) Englishness: Politics and Culture 1880-1920. Croom Helm, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Danto AC (1965) Analytic Philosophy of History. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Elton GR (1985) F. W. Maitland. Weidenfeld, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmet D ([1920] 1966) Foreword. In: Alexander, Samuel, Space, Time, and Deity: The Gifford Lectures at Glasgow, 1916-1918. 2 vols. Macmillan, London

    Google Scholar 

  • English Historical Review ([1886] 1973) Prefatory note to the first issue of the English Historical Review. In: Stern F (ed.) The Varieties of History: From Voltaire to the Present, 2nd edn. Vintage Books, New York, pp 174-177

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeden M (1978) The New Liberalism: An Ideology of Social Reform. Clarendon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman EA (1886) The methods of historical study: Eight lectures read in the University of Oxford in Michaelmas Term, 1884, with the inaugural lecture on the office of the historical professor. Macmillan, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Froude JA (1867) The science of history: A lecture delivered at the Royal Institution. February 5, 1864. In: Short studies on great subjects, vol 1. Longmans, Green, London, pp 1-36

    Google Scholar 

  • Gadamer H-G ([1960] 1998) Truth and method. Translation of the fifth German edition, revised by Joel Weinsheimer and Donald G. Marshall. Continuum, New York Originally published as Wahrheit und methode. Grundzüge einer philosophischen hermeneutik. J.C.B. Mohr, Tübingen, 5. edition published1986 as Hermeneutik. Wahrheit und Methode J.C.B. Mohr, Tübingen

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallie WB (1964) Philosophy and the Historical Understanding. Chatto & Windus, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Habermas J ([1968] 1972) Knowledge and human interests. Translated by Jeremy J. Shapiro. Originally published as Erkenntnis und Interesse, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am. Main Heinemann, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Haldane RB (1902) Education and Empire: Addresses on Certain Topics of the Day. John Murray, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris J (1996) Platonism, positivism and progressivism: Aspects of British sociological thought in the early twentieth century. In: Biagini EF (ed) Citizenship and Community: Liberals, Radicals and Collective Identities in the British Isles, 1865-1931. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 343-360

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvie C (1976) The Lights of Liberalism: University Liberals and the Challenge of Democracy 1860-1886. Allen Lane/Penguin, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawthorne G ([1976] 1987) Enlightenment and Despair: A History of Social Theory, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Hearnshaw LS (1964) A Short History of British Psychology 1840-1940. Methuen, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Hull DL (1973) Darwin and His Critics: The Reception of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by the Scientific Community. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Huxley TH (1892a) Essays upon Some Controverted Questions. Macmillan, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Huxley TH (1892b) Prologue. In: Essays upon Some Controverted Questions. Macmillan, London, pp 1-53

    Google Scholar 

  • Huxley TH ([1889] 1892) Agnosticism. In: Essays upon Some Controverted Questions. Macmillan, London, pp 329-377

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacyna LS (1980) Science and social order in the thought of A. J. Balfour. Isis 71:11-34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • James W ([1879] 1983) Are we automata? In: Essays in Psychology. Reprinted with an introduction by William R. Woodward. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 38-61

    Google Scholar 

  • James W ([1902] 1982) The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature. Penguin, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenyon J (1983) The History Men: The Historical Profession in England Since the Renaissance. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Lightman B (1987) The Origins of Agnosticism: Victorian Unbelief and the Limits of Knowledge. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD

    Google Scholar 

  • Lightman B (2004) Scientists as materialists in the periodical press: Tyndall’s Belfast address. In: Cantor G, Shuttleworth S (eds) Science Serialized: Representations of Science in Nineteenth-Century Periodicals. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 199-237

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKenzie L (1980) William James and the problem of interests. J Hist Behav Sci 16:175-185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer A-K (1997) Moralizing science: The uses of science’s past in national education in the 1920s. Br J Hist Sci 30:51-70

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mill JS ([1843] 1900) A system of logic ratiocinative and inductive: Being a connected view of the principles of evidence and the methods of scientific investigation, 8th edn. Longmans, Green, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore GE (1903a) Principia Ethica. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore GE (1903b) The refutation of idealism. Mind (new series) 12:433-453

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers CS (1932) On the nature of mind [Presidential Address, Section J]. British Association for the Advancement of Science: Report of the centenary meeting, London - 1931. John W. Parker, London, pp 181-195

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers GE (1986) William James: His Life and Thought. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT

    Google Scholar 

  • Neary F (1999) Consciousness, evolution and morals: Some critical perspectives on a history of the human automatism debate 1870-1910, Ph.D. dissertation. Lancaster University, England

    Google Scholar 

  • Neary F (2001) A question of ‘peculiar importance’: George Croom Robertson, Mind and the changing relationship between British psychology and philosophy. In: Bunn GC, Lovie AD, Richards GD (eds) Psychology in Britain: Historical Essays and Personal Reflections. BPS Books, the British Psychological Society, Leicester, pp 54-71

    Google Scholar 

  • Outhwaite W (1975) Understanding Social Life: The Method Called ‘Verstehen’. George Allen & Unwin, London

    Google Scholar 

  • The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (1979) 2 vols. Book Club Associates, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Paradis J (1978) T. H. Huxley: Man’s Place in Nature. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln

    Google Scholar 

  • Peel JDY (1971) Herbert Spencer: The Evolution of a Sociologist. Heinemann, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Reay, Lord [DJ Mackay, 11th Lord Reay] (1903-1904) First annual general meeting. Address by the President, Lord Reay. Proc Br Acad 1:1-16

    Google Scholar 

  • Regan T (1986) Bloomsbury’s Prophet: G.E. Moore and the Development of His Moral Philosophy. Temple University Press, Philadelphia, PA

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards RJ (1987) Darwin and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theories of Mind and Behavior. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL

    Google Scholar 

  • Richter M (1964) The Politics of Conscience: T. H. Green and His Age. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson GC (1891) Valedictory. Mind 16:557-560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross S (1962) Scientist: The story of a word. Ann Sci 18:65-85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothblatt S (1968) The Revolution of the Dons: Cambridge and Society in Victorian England. Faber & Faber, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneewind JB (1977) Sidgwick’s Ethics and Victorian Moral Philosophy. Clarendon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Seeley JR (1864) Classical studies as an introduction to the moral sciences: An introductory lecture delivered on October 13, 1863, at University College, London. Bell & Dalady, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Seth A (1897) Note A. The use of the word ‘naturalism’. In: Man’s Place in the Cosmos and Other Essays. Blackwood, Edinburgh, pp 289-303

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith R (2003) Biology and values in interwar Britain: C. S. Sherrington, Julian Huxley and the vision of progress. Past and Present 178:210-242

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith R (2007) Being Human: Historical Knowledge and the Creation of Human Nature. Manchester University Press, Manchester

    Google Scholar 

  • Soffer RN (1994) Discipline and Power: The University, History, and the Making of an English Elite, 1870-1930. Stanford University Press, Stanford

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer H ([1873] 1892) The Study of Sociology, 16th edn. Kegan Paul, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephen L (1880) An attempted philosophy of history. Fortnightly Rev (new series) 27:672-695

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern F (ed.) ([1956] 1973) The Varieties of History: From Voltaire to the Present, 2nd edn. Vintage Books, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Stout GF ([1899] 1938) A Manual of Psychology, 5th edn., revised by C. A. Mace. University Tutorial Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Trevelyan GM (1913) Clio, a Muse. In: Clio, a Muse and other essays literary and pedestrian. Longmans, Green, London, pp 1-55

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner FM (1974) Between Science and Religion: The Reaction to Scientific Naturalism in Late Victorian England. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner FM (1978) The Victorian conflict between science and religion: A professional dimension. Isis 69:356-376

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tyndall J ([1874] 1892) The Belfast address. In: Fragments of Science, vol 2, 8th edn. Longmans, Green, London, pp 135-201

    Google Scholar 

  • Vincent A, Plant R (1984) Philosophy, Politics and Citizenship: The Life and Thought of the British Idealists. Basil Blackwell, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward J (1886) Psychology. In: Encyclopaedia Britannica, vol 20, 9th edn. Adam & Charles Black, Edinburgh, pp 37-85

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward J (1899) Naturalism and agnosticism. The Gifford Lectures delivered before the University of Aberdeen in the years 1896-1898, vol 2. Adam & Charles Black, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward J (1918) Psychological Principles. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward AW, Prothero GW, Leathes S (eds) (1902) [planned by the late Lord Acton], The Cambridge Modern History, vol 1. The Renaissance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • White P (2003) Thomas Huxley: Making the ‘Man of Science’. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Young RM (1970) Mind, Brain, and Adaptation: Cerebral Localization and Its Biological Context from Gall to Ferrier. Clarendon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Young RM (1985) Natural theology, Victorian periodicals, and the fragmentation of a common context. In: Darwin’s Metaphor: Nature’s Place in Victorian Culture. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 126-163

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK

    Roger Smith

  2. independent scholar, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia

    Roger Smith

Authors
  1. Roger Smith
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roger Smith .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Inst. Philosophie, Wissenschaftstheorie,, TU Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Berlin, 10623, Germany

    Uljana Feest

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Smith, R. (2010). British Thought on the Relations Between the Natural Sciences and the Humanities, c. 1870–1910. In: Feest, U. (eds) Historical Perspectives on Erklären and Verstehen. Archimedes, vol 21. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3540-0_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3540-0_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-3539-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-90-481-3540-0

  • eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation