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H-NS as a Defence System

  • Chapter
Bacterial Chromatin

Abstract

The genomes of free-living bacteria are not static but, quite to the contrary, are highly dynamic entities over evolutionary time. Bacteria evolve rapidly by constantly swapping genetic material through lateral (horizontal) gene transfer. Even potentially useful foreign DNA can interfere with pre-existing regulatory networks and disrupt nucleoid structure and chromatin organization. The nucleoid associated protein H-NS plays a major role in binding and silencing expression from genes acquired by enteric bacteria from foreign sources by specifically targeting those sequences with significantly lower GC-content than the rest of the genome. As a result of this property H-NS regulates a large majority of virulence-associated genes in enteric bacteria including Salmonella, E. coli, and Yersinia. This chapter will focus on what is known about H-NS-mediated silencing, anti-silencing by H-NS antagonists, H-NS phylogeny, the accessory molecules Hha and YdgT, and the role H-NS plays in protecting the bacterial cell from the negative consequences of genetic exchange.

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Acknowledgements

I would like to acknowledge the help of Sabrina Ali and Robin Imperial in assembling the table of published hns mutants and their phenotypes. I would further like to thank David Haniford, Blair Gordon, and Simon Dove for critical reading of portions of the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle – Room 4379, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada

    William Wiley Navarre

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  1. Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, Netherlands

    Remus T. Dame (Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences) (Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences)

  2. Division of Physics and Astronomy Section Physics of Complex Systems, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Remus T. Dame (Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences) (Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences)

  3. Department of Microbiology School of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland

    Charles J. Dorman

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Navarre, W.W. (2010). H-NS as a Defence System. In: Dame, R.T., Dorman, C.J. (eds) Bacterial Chromatin. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3473-1_13

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