Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cretaceous Continental Bridges, Insularity, and Vicariance in the Southern Hemisphere: Which Route Did Dinosaurs Take?

  • Chapter
Earth and Life

Part of the book series: International Year of Planet Earth ((IYPE))

Abstract

The history of dispersal of biota during the Mesozoic in the southern hemisphere is much debated. Clearly, the sequential break-up of Gondwana produced physical barriers that must, variously, have hampered dispersal events, and therefore impacted the phylogenetic hypotheses. Did various terrestrial organisms undergo dispersal via recently claimed continental bridges? When were the geographic and environmental conditions at an optimum for diffusion during Mesozoic times? Dinosaurs are arguably the most relevant group for illuminating the biogeography of the southern landmasses during the Cretaceous. Their vast stratigraphic and geographic occurrence is intimately linked to the evolution of Gondwana. Recent discoveries from all southern landmasses challenge several vicariant models. This study summarizses the most significant geologic, palaeogeographic, palaeontologic, and phylogenetic data on Cretaceous Gondwanan dinosaur evolution, with particular emphasis on the ephemeral land bridges that bulk large in recently developed biogeographic models. Comparison between different datasets accords with a complex and sequential mix of vicariance and dispersal patterns characterizing the fabric of dinosaurian faunas at that time. This study probes the significance of ephemeral intercontinental connections with regard to the biotic dispersal in the Late Cretaceous. An earlier peak in dinosaur diversity and dispersals seems likely.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Accarie H, Beaudoin B, Dejax J, Fries G, Michard J-C, Taquet P (1995) Decouverte d’un dinosaure theropode nouveau (Genusaurus sisteronis n. g., n. sp.) dans l’Albien marin de Sisteron (Alpes de Haute-Provence, France) et extension au Cretacé inferieur de la lignee ceratosaurienne. C R Hebd Seance Acad Sci Paris 320(2):327–334

    Google Scholar 

  • Allain R, Tykoski R, Aquesbi N, Jalil N, Monbaron M, Russell D, Taquet P (2007) A basal abelisauroid from the late Early Jurassic of the High Atlas Mountains, Morocco, and the radiation of ceratosaurs. J Vertebr Paleontol 27:610–624

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali J, Aitchison J (2009) Kerguelen Plateau and the Late Cretaceous southern-continent bioconnection hypothesis: tales from a topographic ocean. J Biogeogr 36:1778–1784

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson M, McNaughton S, Ritchie M (2004) Scale-dependent relationship between the spatial distribution of a limiting resource and plant species diversity in an African grassland ecosystem. Oecologia 139:277–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Apesteguía S (2004) Bonitasaura salgadoi: a beaked sauropod in the Late Cretaceous of Gondwana. Naturwissenschaften 91:493–497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Badano E, Regidor H, Nùnez H, Acosta R, Gianoli E (2005) Species richness and structure of ant communities in a dynamic archipelago: effects of island area and age. J Biogeogr 32:221–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barker P, Lawver L (1988) South American–Antarctic plate motion over the past 50 Myr, and the evolution of the South American–Antarctic ridge. Geophys J R Astron Soc 94:377–386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett P, Upchurch P (1995) Regnosaurus northamptoni, a stegosaurian dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. Geol Mag 132:213–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartholomai A, Molnar R (1981) Muttaburrasaurus, a new iguanodontid (Ornithischian: Ornithopoda) dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Queensland. Mem Queensland Mus 20:319–349

    Google Scholar 

  • Besse J, Courtillot V (1988) Paleogeographic maps of the continents bordering the Indian Ocean since the Early Jurassic. J Geophys Res 93:11791–11808

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonaparte J (1985) A horned Cretaceous carnosaur from Patagonia. Natl Geog Res 1:150–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonaparte J (1986) History of the terrestrial Cretaceous vertebrates of Gondwana. Actas IC Congreso Argentino Paleontologia Bioestratigrafia 4. Actas 2:63–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonaparte J (1991) Los vertebrados fósiles de la Formación Rio Colorado, de la Ciudad de Neuquén y Cercanías, Cretácico Superior, Argentina [The vertebrate fossils of the Rio Colorado Formation, from the city of Neuquén and surrounding areas, Upper Cretaceous, Argentina]. Rev Mus Argentino Cienc Nat “Bernardino Rivadavia” Inst Nac Invest Cienc Nat Paleontol 4:17–123

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonaparte J (1996) Cretaceous tetrapods of Argentina. Münchner Geowissenschaft Abh A 30:73–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonaparte J, Coria R (1993) Un nuevo y gigantesco sauropodo titanosaurio de la Formacion Rıo Limay (Albiano–Cenomaniano) de la provincia del Neuquen, Argentina. Ameghiniana 30:271–282

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonaparte J, Powell J (1980) A continental assemblage of tetrapods from the Upper Cretaceous beds of El Brete, Northwestern Argentina (Sauropoda-Coelurosaria-Carnosauria-Aves). Mém Soc Géol France NS 139:19–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonaparte J, Novas F (1985) Abelisaurus comahuensis, n g, n sp, Carnosauria from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Ameghiniana 21:259–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonaparte J, Gonzales-Riga B, Apesteguia S (2006) Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Res 27:364–376

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borissova I, Coffin M, Charvis P, Operto S (2003) Structure and development of a microcontinent: Elan Bank in the southern Indian Ocean. Geochem Geochim Geosyst 4:doi:10.1029/2003GC000535

    Google Scholar 

  • Borsuk-Bialynicka M (1977). A new camarasaurid Opisthocoelicaudia gen. n. sp. n. from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontol Pol 37:5–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosellini A (2002) Dinosaurs “re-write” the geodynamics of the eastern Mediterranean and the paleogeography of the Apulia Platform. Earth Sci Rev 59:211–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Briggs J (2003) The biogeographic and tectonic history of India. J Biogeogr 30:381–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buckley G, Brochu C (1996) Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) crocodyliforms from Madagascar and their biogeographic implication. J Vertebr Paleontol 16:24A

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley G, Brochu C (1999) An enigmatic new crocodile from the Upper Cretaceous of Madagascar. Spec Pap Palaeontol 60:149–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley G, Brochu C (2001) A skull of Mahajangasuchus insignis (crocodiliformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of Madagascar. J Vertebr Paleontol 21:36A

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley G, Brochu C, Krause D, Pol D (2000) A pug-nosed crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Nature 405:941–944

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buffetaut E (1989) Les Dinosaures du Crétacé terminal du Sud de la France: données tirées des restes osseux In La limite Crétacé–Tertiaire dans le bassin de l’Arc (Sud-est France). Cahiers Réserve Géol Digne 1:17–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Buffetaut E, Le Loeuff J (1991) Late Cretaceous dinosaur faunas of Europe: some correlation problems. Cretaceous Res 12:159–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buffetaut E, Ouaja M (2002) A new specimen of Spinosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Tunisia, with remarks on the evolutionary history of the Spinosauridae. Bull Soc Geol France 5:415–421

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buffetaut E, Rage J (1993) Fossil amphibians and reptiles and the Africa–South America connection. In: George W, Lavocat R (eds) The Africa–South America connection. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 87–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V (1998) The biogeographical significance of the Mesozoic vertebrates from Thailand. In: Hall R, Holloway D (eds) Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia. Backhuys Publisher, Leiden, pp 83–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Buffetaut E, Mechin P, Mechin-Salessy A (1988) Un dinosaure theropode d’affinites gondwaniennes dans le Cretace superieur de Provence. C R Acad Sci Paris Ser II 306:153–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Buffetaut E, Le Loeuff J, Accarie H, Beaudoin B, Dejax J, Fries G, Michard J, Taquet P (1995) Discovery of a new theropod dinosaur (Genusaurus sisteronis n. g., n. sp.) in the marine Albian of Sisteron (Alpes-de-Haute Provence, France) and the extension into the Lower Cretaceous of the ceratosaur lineage; reply. C R Acad Sci Ser II Sci Terre Planetes 321:79–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V, Tong H, Amiot R (2008) An early Cretaceous spinosaurid theropod from southern China. Geol Mag 145:745–748

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calvo J, Bonaparte J (1991) Andesaurus delgadoi gen. et sp. nov. (Saurischia–Sauropoda) Dinosaurio Titanosauridae de la Formaci6n Rio Lirnay (Albiano–Cenomaniano) Neuqutn, Argentina. Ameghiniana 28:303–310

    Google Scholar 

  • Calvo J, González Riga B (2003) Rinconsaurus caudamirus gen. et sp nov., a new titanosaurid (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. Rev Geol Chile 30:333–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calvo, J, Porfiri J, Kellner A (2004a) On a new maniraptoran dinosaur (Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Rev Mus Argentino Cienc Nat NS 62:549–566

    Google Scholar 

  • Calvo J, Porfiri J, Veralli C, Novas F, Poblete F (2004b) Phylogenetic status of Megaraptor namunhuaiquii Novas based on a new specimen from Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana 41:565–575

    Google Scholar 

  • Calvo J, Porfiri J, González-Riga B, Kellner A (2007) A new Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystem from Gondwana with the description of a new sauropod dinosaur. Anais Acad Brasil Ciências 79:529–541

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campos D, Kellner A, Bertini R, Santucci R (2005) On a titanosaurid (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) vertebral column from the Bauru Group, Late Cretaceous of Brazil. Arq Mus Nac 63:565–593

    Google Scholar 

  • Candeiro C, Abranches C, Abrantes E, Avilla L, Martins V, Moreira A, Torres S, Bergqvist L (2004) Dinosaur remains from western Sao Paulo state, Brazil (Bauru Basin, Adamantina Formation, Upper Cretaceous). J African Earth Sci 18:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Candeiro C, Martinelli A, Avilla L, Rich T (2006) Tetrapods from the upper Cretaceous (Turonian–Maastrichtian) Bauru group of Brazil: a reappraisal. Cretaceous Res 27:923–946

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carrano M (2007) The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda:Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Mem Soc Vertebr Paleontol 8, J Vertebr Paleontol 27:163–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Carrano M, Sampson S (2008) The phylogeny of Ceratosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda). J Syst Pal 6:183–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carrano M, Sampson S, Forster C (2002) The osteology of Masiakasaurus knopfleri, a small abelisauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. J Vertebr Paleontol 22:510–534

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casal G, Martínez R, Luna M, Sciutto J, Lamanna M (2007) Aeolosaurus colhuehuapensis sp. nov. (Sauropoda, Titanosauria) de la Formacion Bajo Barreal, Cretacico superior de Argentina. Rev Bras Paleontol 10:53–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Case J (2002) A new biogeographical model for dispersal of late Cretaceous vertebrates into Madagascar and India. J Vertebr Paleontol 22:42A

    Google Scholar 

  • Case J, Martin J, Chaney D, Reguero M, Marenssi S, Santillana S, Woodburne M (2000) The first duck-billed dinosaur (family hadrosauridae) from Antarctica. J Vertebr Paleontol 20:612–614

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Charig A, Milner A (1986) Baryonyx, a remarkable new theropod dinosaur. Nature 324:359–361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee S (1978) Indosuchus and Indosaurus, Cretaceous Carnosaurus from India. J Paleontol 52:570–580

    Google Scholar 

  • Coffin M, Rabinowitz P (1988) Evolution of the conjugate East African–Madagascan margins and the western Somali Basin. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 225:1–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Coffin M, Pringle M, Duncan R, Gladczenko T, Storey M, Műller R, Gahagan L (2002) Kerguelen hotspot magma output since 130 Ma. J Petrol 43:1121–1139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conti M, Morsilli M, Nicosia U, Sacchi E, SavinoV, Wagensommer A, Di Maggio L, Gianolla P (2005) Jurassic dinosaur footprints from Southern Italy: footprints as indicators of constraints in paleogeographic interpretation. Palaios 20:534–550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coria R, Currie P (2006) A new carcharodontosaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina. Geodiversitas 28:71–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Coria R, Rodríguez J (1993) Sobre Xenatosaurus bonapartei Martinéz et al. 1986; un problem tico Neocaretosauria (Novas,1989) del Cretacico del Chubut. Ameghiniana 30:326–327

    Google Scholar 

  • Coria R, Salgado L (1995) A new giant carnivorous dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Patagonia. Nature 377:224–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coria R, Salgado L (1998) A basal Abelisauria Novas, 1992 (Theropoda:Ceratosauria) from the Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. Gaia 15:89–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Coria R, Chiappe L, Dingus L (2002) A new close relative of Carnotaurus sastrei Bonaparte 1985 (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. J Vertebr Paleontol 22:460–465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coria R, Currie P, Carabajal A (2006) A new abelisauroid theropod from northwestern Patagonia. Can J Earth Sci 43:1283–1289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crame J (1992) Late Cretaceous paleoenvironments and biotas: an Antarctic perspective. Antarctic Sci 4:371–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crame J (1999) An evolutionary perspective on marine faunal connections between southernmost South America and Antarctica. Sci Marina 63:1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham W, Dalziel I, Lee T, Lawver L (1995) Southernmost South America–Antarctic Peninsula relative plate motions since 84 Ma: implications for the tectonic evolution of the Scotia Arc region. J Geophys Res 100:8257–8266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Currie P, Carpenter K (2000) A new specimen of Acrocanthosaurus atokensis (Theropoda, Dinosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous Antlers formation (Lower Cretaceous, Aptian) of Oklahoma, USA. Geodiversitas 22:207–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Curry-Rogers K (2002) Titanosaur tails tell two tales: a second Malagasy titanosaur. J Vertebr Paleontol 22:47–48A

    Google Scholar 

  • Curry-Rogers K, Forster C (2001) The last dinosaur titans: a new sauropod from Madagascar. Nature 412:530–534

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dal Sasso C (2003) Dinosaurs of Italy. C R Paleovol 2:46–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Dal Sasso C, Signore M (1998) Exceptional soft-tissue preservation in a theropod dinosaur from Italy. Nature 392:383–387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dal Sasso C, Maganuco S, Buffetaut E, Mendez MA (2005) New information on the skull of the enigmatic theropod Spinosaurus, with remarks on its sizes and affinities. J Vert Paleont 25:888–896

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalla Vecchia M (2002) Cretaceous dinosaurs in the Adriatic–Dinaric carbonate platform (Italy and Croatia): paleoenvironmental implications and paleogeographical hypotheses. Mem Soc Geol Italiana 57:89–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalla Vecchia M (2005) Between Gondwana and Laurasia: Cretaceous sauropods in an intraoceanic carbonate platform. In: Tidwell V, Carpenter K (eds) Thunder-Lizards, the sauropodomorph dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, pp 395–429

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalla Vecchia M (2008) Vertebrati fossili del Friuli – 450 milioni di anni di evoluzione, vol 50. Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale, Udine, 304pp

    Google Scholar 

  • De Souza Carvalho I, dos Santos Avilla L, Salgado L (2003) Amazonsaurus maranhensis gen. et sp. nov. (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian) of Brazil. Cretaceous Res 24:697–713

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Depéret C (1896) Sur l’existence de Dinosauriens, Sauropodes et Théropodes, dans le Crétacé supérieur de Madagascar. C R Acad Sci Paris 122:483–485

    Google Scholar 

  • Depéret C, Savornin J (1927) Sur la decouverte d’una faune de vertebras albiens à Timimoun (Sahara occidental). C R Acad Sci Paris 181:1108–1111

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan R (2002) A time from for construction of the Kerguelen Plateau and Broken Ridge. J Petrol 43:1109–1119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Embleton B, McElhinny M (1975) The palaeoposition of Madagascar: palaeomagnetic evidence from the Isalo Group. Earth Planet Sci Lett 27:329–341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans S, Raia P, Barbera C (2004) New lizards and rhynchocephalians from the Lower Cretaceous of southern Italy. Acta Palaeontol Pol 49:393–408

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans S, Jones M, Krause D (2008) A giant frog with South American affinities from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:2951–2956

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Exon N, Vine R (1970) Revised nomenclature of the “Blythsdale” sequence. Queensland Gov Mineral J 71:48–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Fanti F, Therrien F (2007) Theropod tooth assemblages from the Late Cretaceous Maevarano formation and the possible presence of dromaeosaurid in Madagascar. Acta Palaeontol Pol 52:155–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Fejfar O, Kostak M, Kvacek M, Mazuch J, Moucka M (2005) First Cenomanian dinosaur from Central Europe (Czech Republic). Acta Palaeontol Pol 50:295–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald P (2002) Tectonics and landscape evolution of the Antarctic plate since the breakup of Gondwana, with an emphasis on the West Antarctic Rift System and the Transantarctic Mountains. R Soc N Z Bull 35:453–469

    Google Scholar 

  • Forster C (1999) Gondwanan dinosaur evolution and biogeographic analysis. J African Earth Sci 28:169–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forster C, Chiappe L, Krause D, Sampson S (1996) The first Cretaceous bird from Madagascar. Nature 382:532–534

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fraas E (1908) Ostafrikanische Dinosaufler. Palaeontographica 55:105–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey F, Coffin M, Wallace P, Weis D (2003) Leg 183 synthesis: Kerguelen Plateau–Broken Ridge – a large igneous province. In: Frey F, Coffin M, Wallace P, Quilty P (eds) Proceedings of Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Report 183. College Station, Texas

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaina C, Dietmar Muller R, Brown B, Ishihara T, Ivanov S (2007) Breakup and early seafloor spreading between India and Antarctica. Geophys J Int 170:151–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gale A, Hardenbol J, Hathway B, Kennedy W, Young J, Phansalkar V (2002) Global correlation of Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) sequences: evidence for Milankovitch control on sea level. Geology 30:291–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gasparini Z, Pereda-Suberbiola X, Molnar R (1996) New datano the abkylosaurian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of the Antarctic Peninsula. In: Novas F, Molnar R (eds) Proceedings of the Gondwanan Dinosaur symposium. Mem Queensland Mus 39:583–594

    Google Scholar 

  • Gayet M (2001) A review of some problems associated with the occurrences of fossil vertebrates in South America. J South Am Earth Sci 14:131–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geiger M, Clark D, Mette W (2004) Reappraisal of the timing of the breakup of Gondwana based on sedimentological and seismic evidence from the Morondova Basin, Madagascar. J African Earth Sci 38:363–381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gheerbrant E, Rage J (2006) Paleobiogeography of Africa: how distinct from Gondwana and Laurasia. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 212:224–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gierlinski G, Sabath K (2002) A probable stegosaurian track from the Late Jurassic of Poland. Acta Palaeontol Pol 47:561–564

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilmore C (1922) A new sauropod dinosaur from the Ojo Alamo formation of New Mexico. Smithsonian Misc Collect 72:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldblatt P (1993) Biological relationships between Africa and South America. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 630pp

    Google Scholar 

  • González Riga B (2003) A new titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mendoza Province, Argentina. Ameghiniana 40:155–172

    Google Scholar 

  • González Riga B (2005) New fossil remains of Mendozasaurus neguyelap (Sauropoda, Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Mendoza, Argentina. Ameghiniana 42:535–548

    Google Scholar 

  • González Riga B, Previtera E, Pirrone C (2009) Malarguesaurus florenciae gen. et sp. nov., a new titanosauriform (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mendoza, Argentina. Cretaceous Res 30:135–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gradstein F, Ogg J, Smith A (2004) A geologic time scale 2004. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Guedes E, Heilbron M, Vasconcelos P, Valeriano C, de Almeida J, Teixeira W, Filho A (2005) K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages of dikes emplaced in the onshore basement of the Santos Basin, Resende Area, SE Brazil: implications for the south Atlantic opening and the Tertiary reactivation. J South Am Earth Sci 18:371–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hay W, De Conto R, Wold C, Wilson K, Voigt S, Schulz M, Wold A, Dullo W-C, Ronov A, Balukhovsky A, Soding E (1999) Alternative global Cretaceous paleogeography. In: Barrera E, Johnson C (eds) Evolution of the Cretaceous ocean-climate system. Geological Society of America Special Paper, vol 332. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, pp 1–47

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hocknull S, White M, Tischler T, Cook A, Calleja N, Sloan T, Elliott D, Hooker J, Milner A (2009) New mid-Cretaceous (Latest Albian) Dinosaurs from Winton, Queensland, Australia. J Vertebr Paleontol 14:480–519 (Published on-line: PloS ONE 4(7):e6190)

    Google Scholar 

  • Holtz T, Chapman R, Lamanna M (2004) Mesozoic biogeography of Dinosauria. In: Weishampel D, Dodson P, Osmolska H (eds) The Dinosauria, 2nd edn. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, pp 71–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooker JJ, Milner AC, Sequeira SEK (1991) An ornithopod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of West Antarctica. Antarctic Science 3:330–331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huene F von (1929) Los Saurisquios y Ornithisquios de Cretaceo Argentino. An Mus La Plata ser 2, 3:1–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Huene F von, Matley C (1933) The Cretaceous saurischia and ornithischia of the Central Provinces of India. Mem Geol Surv India 21:1–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutt S, Martill D, Barker M (1996) The first European allosaurid dinosaur (Lower Cretaceous, Wealden Group, England). N Jb Geol Paläont Mh 10:635–644

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingle S, Weis D, Frey F (2002) Indian continental crust recovered from Elan Bank, Kerguelen Plateau (ODP Leg 183, site 1137). J Petrol 36:523–534

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs L (1993) Quest for the African Dinosaurs: ancient roots of the modern world. Villard Books, New York, 314pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs L, Winkler D, Downs R, Gomani E (1993) New material of an Early Cretaceous titanosaurid sauropod dinosaur from Malawi. Palaeontology 36:523–534

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs L, Mateus O, Polcyn M, Schulp A, Antunes M, Morais M, Tavares T (2006) The occurrence and geological setting of Cretaceous dinosaurs, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, and turtles from Angola. J Paleontol Soc Korea 22:91–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaimes E, de Freitas M (2006) An Albian–Cenomanian unconformity in the northern Andes: Evidence and tectonic significance. J South Am Earth Sci 21:466–492

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jain S, Bandyopadhyay S (1997) A new Titanosaurid (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Centra India. J Vertebr Paleontol 17:114–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jokat W, Boebel T, Konig M, Meyer U (2003) Timing and geometry of early Gondwana breakup. J Geophys Res 108 (B9), 2428:1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Karner G, Gamboa L (2007) Timing and origin of the South Atlantic pre-salt sag basins and their capping evaporites. Geol Soc Spec Publ 285:15–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karol K, McCourt R, Cimino M, Delwiche C (2001) The closest living relatives of land plants. Science 294:2351–2353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kellner A, Campos D (2002) On a theropod dinosaur (Abelisauria) from the continental Cretaceous of Brazil. Arq Mus Nac Rio de Janeiro 60:163–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellner A, Campos D, Trotta M (2005) Description of a Titanosaurid caudal series from the Buru Group, Late Cretaceous of Brazil. Arq Mus Nac Rio de Janeiro 63:529–564

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellner A, Campos D, Azevedo S, Trotta M, Henriques D, Craik M, Silva H (2006) On a new titanosaur sauropod from the Bauru Group, Late Cretaceous of Brazil. Bolet Mus Nac (Geol) 74:1–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellner AWA, de Azevedo SAK (1999) A new sauropod dinosaur (Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil. In: Tomida Y, Rich TH, Vickers-Rich P (eds), Proceedings of the Second Gondwanan Dinosaur Symposium. Austr Nat Sci Mus Monog 15:111–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Kent R, Pringle M, Műller R, Saunders A, Ghose N (2002) 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the Rajimahal basalts, India, and their relationship to the Kergueln Plateau. J Petrol 43:1141–1153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koutsoukos E (2001) Foraminiferal assemblages and the early open marine record (upper Aptian–Albian) of northeastern Brazil. Abstr Prog Geol Soc Am 33:218p

    Google Scholar 

  • Krause D, Hartman J (1996) Late Cretaceous fossils form Madagascar and their implication for biogeographic relationship with the Indian subcontinent. In: Sahni A (ed) Cretaceous stratigraphy and palaeoenvironments. Mem Geol Soc India 37:135–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Krause D, Prasad G, von Koenigswald W, Sahni A, Grine F (1997) Cosmopolitanism among Gondwanan Late Cretaceous mammals. Nature 390:504–507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krause D, Asher R, Buckley G, Gottfried M, LaDuke T (1998) Biogeographic origins of the non-dinosaurian vertebrate fauna of Madagascar: new evidence from the Late Cretaceous. J Vertebr Paleontol 18:57A

    Google Scholar 

  • Krause D, Rogers R, Forster A, Hartman J, Buckley G, Sampson S (1999) The Late Cretaceous vertebrate fauna of Madagascar: implications for Gondwanan paleobiogeography. GSA Today 9:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Krause D, O’Connor P, Curry Rogers K, Sampson S, Buckley G, Rogers R (2006) Late Cretaceous terrestrial vertebrates rom Madagascar: implications for Latin American biogeography. Ann Missouri Bot Gard 93:178–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ksepka D, Norell M (2006) Erketu ellisoni, a long-necked sauropod from Bor Guvé (Dornogov Aimag, Mongolia). Am Mus Novitates 3508:1–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurzanov S, Bannikov A (1983) A new sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Paleontol Z 1983:91–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamanna M, Ruben D, Martínez R, Smith J (2002) A definitive abelisaurid theropod dinosaur from the Early Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. J Vertebr Paleontol 22:58–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Loeuff J (1995) Ampelosaurus atacis (nov. gen., nov. sp.), un nuveau Titanosauridae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) du Cretace Superieur de la haute vallee de l’Aude (France). C R Acad Sci Paris 321(2):693–696

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Loeuff J, Buffetaut E (1991) Tarascosaurus salluvicus, new genus new species, a theropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of southern France. Geobios 24:585–594

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Loeuff J, Buffetaut E, Cavin L, Martin M, Martin V, Tong H (1994) An Armoured titanosaurid sauropod from the Late Cretaceous of southern France and the occurrence of osteoderms in the Titanosauridae. Gaia 10:155–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehman T (1987) Late Maastrichtian paleoenvironments and dinosaur biogeography in the Western Interior of North America. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 60:189–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lehman T (1997) Late Campanian dinosaur biogeography in the western interior of North America. In: Wolberg D, Stump E, Rosenberg G (eds) Dinofest international. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, pp 223–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehman T (2001) Late Cretaceous dinosaur provinciality. In: Tanke D, Carpenter K (eds) Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana Press University, Bloomington, IN, pp 310–328

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehman T, Coulson A (2002) A juvenile specimen of the sauropod Alamosaurus sanjuanensis from the Upper Cretaceous of Big Bend National Park, Texas. J Palaeontol 76:156–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lieberman B (2005) Geobiology and paleobiogeography: traching the coevolution of the Earth and its biota. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 219:23–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longman H (1933) A new dinosaur from the Queensland Cretaceous. Mem Queensland Mus 10:131–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas S, Hunt A (1989) Alamosaurus and the sauropod hiatus in the Cretaceous of the North American Western Interior. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 238:75–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Lydekker R (1893) Contributions to the study of the fossil vertebrates of Argentina. I. The dinosaurs of Patagonia. Anal Mus La Plata Paleontol 2:1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • MacArthur R, Wilson EO (1967) The theory of island biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Macdonald D, Gomez-Pereza I, Franzese J, Spalletti L, Lawverc L, Gahaganc L, Dalzielc I, Thomasd C, Trewind N, Holed M, Paton D (2003) Mesozoic break-up of SW Gondwana: implications for regional hydrocarbon potential of the southern South Atlantic. Mar Petrol Geol 20:287–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Machado E, Kellner A (2005) Notas sobre Spinosauridae (Theropoda, Dinosauria). Ann Inst Geosci UFRJ 28:158–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Maganuco S, Cau A, Pasini G (2005) First description of theropod remains from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of Madagascar. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Milano 146(II):165–202

    Google Scholar 

  • Maganuco S, Dal Sasso C, Pasini G (2006) A new large predatory archosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Madagascar. Atti Soc Ital Sci Nat Mus Civ Stor Nat Milano 147:19–51 (Razanandrongobe sakalavae)

    Google Scholar 

  • Maganuco S, Cau A, Dal Sasso C, Pasini G (2007) Evidence of large theropods from the Middle Jurassic of the Mahajanga Basin, NW Madagascar, with implications for ceratosaurian pedal ungual evolution. Atti Soc Ital Sci Nat Mus Civ Stor Nat Milano 148(II):261–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahler L (2005) Record of Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Cenomanian of Morocco. J Vertebr Paleontol 25:236–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahoney J, Nicollet C, Dupuy C (1991) Madagascar basalts; tracking oceanic and continental sources. Earth Planet Sci Lett 104:350–363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Makovicky P, Apesteguia S, Agnolin F (2005) The earliest dromaeosaurid theropod from South America. Nature 437:1007–1011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marks K, Tikku A (2001) Cretaceous reconstructions of East Antarctica, Africa and Madagascar. Earth Planet Sci Lett 186:479–495

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martill D, Cruickshank A, Frey E, Small P, Clarke M (1996) A new crested maniraptoran dinosaur from the Santana Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Brazil. J Geol Soc London 153:5–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin V, Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V (1994) A new genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Sao Khua formation (Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous) of north-eastern Thailand. C R Acad Sci Paris 319(II):1085–1092

    Google Scholar 

  • Martinelli A, Forasiepi A (2004) Late Cretaceous vertebrates from Bajo de Santa Rosa (Allen Formation), Rio Negro province, Argentina, with the description of a new sauropod dinosaur (Titanosauridae). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Nueva Serie 6:257–305

    Google Scholar 

  • Martínez R, Ginmenez O, Rodriguez J, Bochatey G (1986) Xenotosaurus bonapartei gen. et. sp. nov. (Carnosauria, Abelisauridae), un nuevo Theropoda de la Formación Bajo Barreal, Chubut, Argentina. IV Congr. Argentino Paleontol Bioestratigr Actas 2:23–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Martínez R, Gimenez O, Rodriguez J, Luna M, Lamanna M (2004) An articulated specimen of the basal titanosaurian (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) Epachthosaurus sciuttoi from the early Late Cretaceous Bajo Barreal Formation of Chubut Province, Argentina. J Vertebr Paleontol 24:107–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mateus O (2006) Late Jurassic dinosaurs from the Morrison Formation (USA), the Lourinha and Alcobaça formations (Portugal), and the Tendaguru Beds (Tanzania): a comparison. New Mexico Mus Nat Hist Sci Bull 36:223–231

    Google Scholar 

  • Mateus O, Antunes M (2000) Torvosaurus sp. (Dinosauria: Theropoda) in the Late Jurassic of Portugal. I Congresso Ibérico de Paleontologia/XVI Jornadas de la Sociedad Española de Paleontología, pp 115–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Mateus O, Walen A, Antunes M (2006) The large theropod fauna of the Lourinha Formation (Portugal) and its similarity to the Morrison Formation, with a description of a new species of Allosaurus. New Mexico Mus Nat Hist Sci Bull 36:123–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Mateus O, Maidment CR, Christiansen NA (2009) A new long-necked ‘sauropod-mimic’ stegosaur and the evolution of the plated dinosaurs. Proc Roy Soc B 276:1815–1821

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCord R (1997) An Arizona titanosaurid sauropod and revision of the late Cretaceous Adobe Canion fauna. J Vertebr Paleontol 17:620–622

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meert J, Tamrat E (2006) Paleomagnetic evidence for a stationary Marion hotspot: additional paleomagnetic data from Madagascar. Gondwana Res 10:340–348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meschede M, Frisch W (1998) A plate-tectonic model for the Mesozoic and Early Cenozoic history of the Caribbean plate. Tectonophysics 296:269–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milner A, Molnar D (1984) The biogeography of advanced ornithopod dinosaurs (Archosauria, Ornithischia) – a cladistic-vicariance model. In: Reif W, Westphal F (eds) Third symposium Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystem, pp 146–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Miloni-Santucci R, Bertini R (2006) A new titanosaur from western São Paolo State, Upper Cretaceous Bauru Group, south-east Brazil. Palaeontology 49:171–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mo J, Wang W, Huang Z, Huang X, Xu X (2006) A Basal Titanosauriform from the Early Cretaceous of Guangxi, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 80:486–489

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohr B, Wahnert V, Lazarus D (2003) Mid-Cretaceous paleobotany and palynology of the Central Kerguelen Plateau, southern Indian Ocean (ODP Leg 183, Site 1138). In: Frey F, Coffin M, Wallace P, Quilty P (eds) Proceedings of the ODP scientific results, vol 183, pp 1–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Molnar R (1980) An ankylosaur (Ornithischia: Reptilia) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern Queensland. Mem Queensland Mus 20:77–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Molnar R, Salisbury S (2005) Observation on Cretaceous Sauropods from Australia. In: Tidwell V, Carpenter K (eds) Thunder lizards: the sauropodomorph dinosaurs. University Indiana Press, Bloomington, pp 454–465

    Google Scholar 

  • Molnar R, Flannery T, Rich T (1981) An allosaurid theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Victoria, Australia. Alcheringa 5:141–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molnar R, Flannery T, Rich T (1985) Aussie Allosaurus after All. J Paleontol 59:1511–1513

    Google Scholar 

  • Molnar R, Angriman A, Gasperini Z (1996) An Antarctic Cretaceous theropod. In: Novas F, Molnar R (eds) Proceeding of the Gondwanan Dinosaur symposium. Mem Queensland Mus 39:669–674

    Google Scholar 

  • Montellano-Ballesteros M (2003) A titanosaurid sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous of Chihuahua, Mexico. Rev Mex Cienc Geol 20:160–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Noonan B, Chippindale P (2006) Vicariant origin of Malagasy reptiles supports late Cretaceous Antarctic land bridge. Am Naturalist 168:730–741

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norton I, Sclater J (1979) Model for the evolution of the Indian Ocean and the breakup of Gondwanaland. J Geophys Res 84:6803–6830

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Novas F (1991) Relaciones filogeneticas de los dinosaurios Teropodos Ceratosaurios. Ameghiniana 28(3–4):410

    Google Scholar 

  • Novas F, Agnolin F (2004) Unquillosaurus cebali Powell, a giant maniraptoran (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Argentina. Rev Mus Argentino Cienc Nat NS 6:61–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Novas F, Pol D (2005) New evidence on deinonychosaurian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Nature 433:858–861

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Novas F, Salgado L, Calvo J, Agnolin F (2005a) Giant titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Rev Mus Argentino Cienc Nat NS 7:37–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Novas F, de Valas S, Vickers-Rich P, Rich T (2005b) A large Cretaceous theropod from Patagonia, Argentina, and the evolution of carcharodontosaurids. Naturwissenschaften 92:226–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Novas F, Pol D, Canale J, Porfidi J, Calvo J (2008) A bizarre Cretaceous theropod dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of Gondwanan dromaeosaurids. Proc R Soc Lond B. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1554

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowinski A (1971) Nemegtosaurus mongoliensis n. gen., n. sp. (Sauropoda) from the uppermost Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontol Polon 25:57–81

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor P (2007) The postcranial axial skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Mem Soc Vertebr Paleontol 8, J Vertebr Paleontol 27:127–162

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor P, Gottfried M, Stevens N, Roberts E, Ngasala S, Kapilima S, Chami R (2006) A new vertebrate fauna from the Cretaceous Red Sandstone Group, Rukwa Rift Basin, Southwestern Tanzania. J African Earth Sci 44:277–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Leary M, Roberts E, Head J, Sissoko F, Bouare M (2004) Titanosaurian (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) remains from the “Continental Interclare” of Mali. J Vertebr Paleontol 24:923–930

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osi A (2004) The first dinosaur remains from the Upper Cretaceous of Hungary (Csehbanya Formation, Bakony Mts). Geobios 37:749–753

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papini M, Benvenuti M (1998) Lithostratigrphy, sedimentology and facies architecture of the Late Cretaceous successions in the central Mahajanga Basin, Madagascar. J African Earth Sci 2:229–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Moreno B, Sanz J, Buscalioni A, Moratalla J, Ortega F, Rasskin-Gutman D (1994) A unique multitoothed ornithomimosaur dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain. Nature 370:363–367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petri S (1987) Cretaceous paleogeographic maps of Brazil. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 59:117–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Philip J, Floquet M (2000) Early Campanian (83–80.5 Ma). In: Dercourt J, Gaetani M, Vrielynck B, Barrier E, Biju-Duval B, Brunet M, Cadet J, Crasquin S, Sandulescu M (eds) Atlas Peri-Tethys palaeogeographical maps – explanatory notes. CCGM/CGMW, Paris, pp 137–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Pindell J (1993) Regional synopsis of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean evolution. GCSSEOM Foundation 13th Annual Research Conference, Houston, Texas, pp 251–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Pindell J, Barrett S (1990) Geological evolution of the Caribbean region; a plate-tectonic perspective. In: Dengo G, Case J (eds) The Caribbean Region (The Geology of North America, vol H). Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, pp 339–374

    Google Scholar 

  • Pletsch T, Erbacher J, Holbourn A, Kuhnt W, Moullade M, Oboh-Ikuenobede F, Soding E, Wagner T (2001) Cretaceous separation of Africa and South America: the view from the West African margin (ODP Leg 159). J South Am Earth Sci 14:147–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell J (1990) Epachthosaurus sciuttoi (gen. et sp. nov.) a sauropod dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Patagonia (Chubut Province). Actas Congr Argentino Paleontol Bioestrat 5:125–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell J (1992) Osteologia de Saltasaurus loricatus (Sauropoda-Titanosauridae) del Cretacico Superior del Noroeste argentino. In: Sanz J, Buscalioni A (eds) Los dinosaurios y su entorno biotico, Serie Actas Academicas, vol 4. Instituto Juan de Valdes, Cuenca, Spain, pp 165–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell J (2003) Revision of South American Titanosaurid dinosaurs: palaeobiological, palaeobiogeographical and phylogenetic aspects. Rec Queen Victoria Mus 111:1–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Prieto-Marquez A, Gaete R, Rivas G, Galobart A, Boada M (2006) Hadrosauroid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Spain: Pararhabdodon isonensis revisited and Koutalisaurus kohlerorum, gen. et sp. nov. J Vertebr Paleontol 26:929–943

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rabinowitz P, Woods S (2006) The Africa–Madagascar connection and mammalian migration. J African Earth Sci 44:270–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rabinowitz P, Coffin M, Falvey D (1983) The separation of Madagascar and Africa. Science 220:67–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raffi S, Serpagli E (1999) Introduzione alla paleontologia. Scienze della Terra, UTET Torino

    Google Scholar 

  • Rage J (1981) Les continents péri-atlantiques au Crétacé Superieur: migrations des faunes continentales et problemes paleogeographiques. Cretaceous Res 2:65–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rage J (2003) Relationship of the Malagasy fauna during the Late Cretaceous: Northern or Southern routes? Acta Paleontol Pol 48:661–662

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramana M, Ramprasad, T, Desa M (2001) Seafloor spreading magnetic anomalies in the Enderby Basin, East Antarctica. Earth Planet Sci Lett 191:241–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rana R, Wilson G (2003) New Late Cretaceous mammals from the Intertrappen bed of Rangapur, India and paleobiogeographic framework. Acta Palaeont Pol 48:331–348

    Google Scholar 

  • Rauhut O, Werner C (1995) First record of the family Dromaeosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) in the Cretaceous of Gondwana (Wadi Milk Formation, Northern Sudan). Paläontol Zeitsch 69:475–489

    Google Scholar 

  • Raval U, Veeraswamy K (2003) India–Madagascar Separation: breakup along a pre-existing mobile belt and chipping of the craton. Gondwana Res 6:467–485

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Razafindrazaka Y, Randriamanajara T, Piqué A, Thouin C, Laville E, Malod J, Réhault J (1999) Extension et sedimentation au Paleozoique terminal et au Mesozoique dans le basin de Majunga (nord-ouest Madagascar). J African Earth Sci 34:101–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Reyment R, Dingle R (1987) Palaeogeography of Africa during the Cretaceous period. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 59:93 116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Royer J, Chang T (1991) Evidence for relative motions between the Indian and Australian plates during the last 20 my from plate tectonic reconstructions; implications for the deformation of the Indo-Australian Plate. J Geophys Res 96:11779–11802

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russell D (1993) The role of central Asia in dinosaurian biogeography. Can J Earth Sci 30:2002–2012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salisbury S, Molnar R, Lamanna M (2006) A new titanosauriform sauropod from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian) Winton Formation of central-western Queensland, Australia. J Vertebr Paleontol 26:118A

    Google Scholar 

  • Salgado L (1996) Pellegrinisaurus powelli nov. gen. et sp. (Sauropoda, Titanosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of lago Pelligrini, northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana 33:355–365

    Google Scholar 

  • Salgado L, Azpilicueta C (2000) Un nuevo saltasaurino (Sauropoda, Titanosauridae) de la provincia de Río Negro (Formacion Allen, Cretácico superior), Patagonia, Argentina. Ameginiana 37:259–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Salgado L, Coria R (1993) Un nuevo titanosaurino (Sauropoda-Ttanosauridae) de la Fm. Allen (Campaniano–Maastrichtiano) de la Provincia de Rio Negro, Argentina. Ameghiniana 30:119–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Salgado L, De Souza Carvalho I (2008) Uberabatitan riberoi, a new titanosaur from the Marília Formation (Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous), Minas Gerais, Brazil. Palaeontology 51:881–901

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salgado L, Apesteguía S, Heredia S (2005) A new specimen of Neuquensaurus australis, a Late Cretaceous saltasaurine titanosaur from North Patagonia. J Vertebr Paleontol 25:623–634

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sampson S, Witmer L (2007) Craniofacial anatomy of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Mem Soc Vert Pal 8, J Vertebr Paleontol 27:32–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Sampson S, Krause D, Dodson P, Forster C (1996) The premaxilla of Majungasaurus (Theropoda, Ceratosauria), with implications for Gondwanan palaeobiogeography. J Vertebr Paleontol 16:601–605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sampson S, Witmer L, Forster C, Krause D, O’Connor P, Dodson P, Ravoavy F (1998) Predatory dinosaur remains from Madagascar: implications for the Cretaceous biogeography of Gondwana. Science 280:1048–1051

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sampson S, Carrano M, Forster C (2001) A bizarre predatory dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Nature 409:504–506

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sander P, Mateus O, Laven T, Knotschke N (2006) Bone histology indicates insular dwarfism in a new Late Jurassic sauropod dinosaur. Nature 441:739–741

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanmartin I, Ronquist F (2004) Southern hemisphere biogeography inferred by event-based models: plant versus animal patterns. Syst Biol 53:216–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanz J, Powell E, Le Loueff J, Martínez R, Pereda-Suberbiola X (1999) Sauropod remains from the Upper Cretaceous of Lano (Northcentral Spain). Titanosaur phylogenetic relationships. Mus Cienc Nat Alava 14:235–255

    Google Scholar 

  • Scharff R (1911) Distribution and origin of life in America. Constable, London, 497pp

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Scotese C, Gahagan L, Larson R (1988) Plate tectonic reconstructions of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic ocean basins. Tectonophysics 155:27–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seeley H (1876) On Macrurosaurus semnus (Seeley), a long- tailed animal with procoelous vertebrae from the Cambridge Upper Greensand, preserved in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. Q J Geol Soc London 32:440–444

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sereno P, Brusatte S (2008) Basal abelisaurid and carcharodontosaurid theropods from the Lower Cretaceous Elrhaz Formation of Niger. Acta Palaeontol Pol 53:15–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sereno P, Wilson J, Larsson H, Dutheil D, Sues H-D (1994) Early Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Sahara. Science 266:267–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sereno P, Dutheil D, Iarochene M, Larsson H, Lyon G, Magwene P, Sidor C, Varricchio D, Wilson J (1996) Predatory dinosaurs from the Sahara and Late Cretaceous faunal differentiation. Science 272:986–991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sereno P, Beck A, Dutheil D, Gado B, Larsson H, Lyon G, Marcot J, Rauhut O, Sadleir R, Sidor C, Varricchio D, Wilson G, Wilson J (1998) A long-snouted predatory dinosaur from Africa and the evolution of Spinosaurids. Science 282:1298–1302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sereno P, Beck A, Dutheil D, Larsson H, Lyon G, Moussa B, Sadleir R, Sidor C, Varricchio D, Wilson G, Wilson J (1999) Cretaceous sauropods from the Sahara and the uneven rate of skeletal evolution among dinosaurs. Science 286:1342–1347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sereno P, Wilson J, Conrad J (2004) New dinosaurs link southern landmasses in the Mid-Cretaceous. Proc R Soc Lond B, published online, 6 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Sertich J, Manthi F, Sampson S, Loewen M, Getty M (2006) Rift valley dinosaurs: a new Late Cretaceous vertebrate fauna from Kenya. J Vertebr Paleontol 26:124A

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith JB (2005) Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions. J Vertebr Paleontol 25:865–887

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith J, Dalla Vecchia F (2006) An abelisaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) tooth from the Lower Cretaceous Chicla Formation of Libya. J African Earth Sci 46:240–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith J, Lamanna M (2006) An abelisaurid from the Late Cretaceous of Egypt: implications for theropod biogeography. Naturwissenschaften 93:242–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith J, Lamanna M, Lacoara K, Dodson P, Smith J, Poole J, Giegengack R, Attia Y (2001) A giant sauropod from an Upper Cretaceous mangrove deposit in Egypt. Science 292:1704–1706

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith J, Tshakreen S, Rasmussen S, Lamanna M (2006a) New dinosaur discoveries from the Early Cretaceous of Libya. J Vertebr Paleontol 26:126A

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith J, Lamanna M, Mayr H, Lacovara K (2006b) New information regarding the holotype of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Stromer, 1915. J Paleontol 80:400–406

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sparks J, Smith W (2004) Phylogeny and biogeography of the Malagasy and Australasian rainbowfishes (Teleostei: Melanotaenioidei): Gondwanan vicariance and evolution in freshwater. Mol Phylogen Evol 33:719–734

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stampfli G, Borel G (2002) A plate tectonic model for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic constrained by dynamic plate boundaries and restored synthetic oceanic isochrons. Earth Planet Sci Lett 196:17–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stampfli G, Borel G, Cavazza W, Mosar J, Ziegler P (2001) The Paleotectonic Atlas of the PeriTethyan Domain. Episodes 222–228, Plus CD-ROM. European Geophysical Union, Brussels

    Google Scholar 

  • Storey M, Mahoney J, Saunders A, Duncan R, Kelly S, Coffin M (1995) Timing of hot spot-related volcanism and the breakup of Madagascar and India. Science 267:852–855

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stovall J, Langston W (1950) Acrocanthosaurus atokensis, a new genus and species of Lower Cretaceous Theropoda from Oklahoma. Am Midland Nat 43:696–728

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stromer E (1915) Wirbelfier-Reste der Baharije-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 3. Das Original des Theropoden Spinosaurus aegyptiacus nov. gen. nov. spec. Abh. K. Bayer. Akad. Wissenscli. Math Phys Kl 28:1–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Stromer E (1932) Wirbeltier-Reste der Baharije-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 11. Sauropoda. Abhandl Bayer Akad Wiss Math-naturwiss Abt 10:1–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Stromer E (1934) Wirbeltierreste der Baharije-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 13. Dinosauria. Abh Bayer Akad Wissensch Math-naturwiss Abt 22:1–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Suberbiola X, Bardet N, Iarochène M, Bouya B, Amaghzaz M (2004) The first record of a sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco. J African Earth Sci 40:81–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sues H-D, Taquet P (1979) A pachycephalosaurid dinosaur from Madagascar and a Laurasia–Gondwanaland connection in the Cretaceous. Nature 279:633–635

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sues H-D, Frey E, Martill D, Scott D (2002) Irritator challengeri, a spinosaurid (Dinosauria; Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil. J Vertebr Paleontol 22:535–547

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taquet P, Russell D (1998) New data on spinosaurid dinosaurs from the early Cretaceous of the Sahara. C R Acad Sci Paris 327:347–353

    Google Scholar 

  • Tello Saenz C, Hackspacher P, Hadler Neto J, Iunes P, Guedes S, Ribeiro L, Paulo S (2003) Recognition of Cretaceous, Paleocene, and Neogene tectonic reactivation through apatite fission-track analysis in Precambrian areas of southeast Brazil: association with the opening of south Atlantic Ocean. J South Am Earth Sci 15:765–774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tidwell V, Carpenter K, Meyer S (2001) New Titanosauriform (Sauropoda) from the Poison Strip Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Utah. In: Tanke D, Carpenter K (eds) Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, pp 139–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiffney B, Niklas K (1990) Continental area, dispersion, latitudinal distribution and topographic variety; a test of correlation with terrestrial plant diversity. In: Ross R, Allmon W (eds) Causes of evolution; a paleontological perspective. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, pp 76–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Tikku A, Marks K, Kovacs L (2002) An Early Cretaceous extinct spreading center in the northern Natal Valley. Tectonophysics 374:87–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torsvik T, Tucker R, Ashwal L, Eide E, Rakotosolofo N, deWit M (1998) Late Cretaceous magmatism in Madagascar; palaeomagnetic evidence for a stationary Marion hotspot. Earth Planet Sci Lett 164:221–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Upchurch P, Hunn C, Norman D (2002) An analysis of dinosaurian biogeography: evidence for the existence of vicariance and dispersal patterns caused by geological events. Proc R Soc Lond B 269:613–621

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valentine J, Moores E (1970) Plate tectonic regulation of faunal diversity and sea level: a model. Nature 228:657–659

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan A, Storey B (2000) The eastern Palmer Land shear zone: a new terrane accretion model for the Mesozoic development of the Antarctic Peninsula. J Geol Soc 157:1243–1256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan A, Kelley S, Storey B (2002a) Mid-Cretaceous ductile deformation on the Eastern Palmer Land Shear Zone, Antarctica, and implications for timing of Mesozoic terrane collision. Geol Mag 139:465–471

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan A, Pankhurst R, Fanning C (2002b) A mid-Cretaceous age for the Palmer Land event, Antarctic Peninsula: implications for terrane accretion timing and Gondwana palaeolatitudes. J Geol Soc 159:113–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vences M, Freyhof J, Sonnemberg R, Kosuch J, Veith M (2001) Reconciling fossils and molecules: Cenozoic divergence of Cichlid fishes and the biogeography of Madagascar. J Biogeogr 28:1091–1099

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vences M, Kosuch J, Rödel M, Lötters S, Channing A, Glaw F, Böhme W (2004) Phylogeography of Ptychadena mascareniensis suggests transoceanic dispersal in a widespread African–Malagasy frog lineage. J Biogeogr 31:593–601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viramonte J, Kay S, Becchio R, Escayola M, Novitski I (1999) Cretaceous rift related magmatism in central-western South America. J South Am Earth Sci 12:109–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vlahovic I, Tisljar J, Velic I, Maticec D (2005) Evolution of the Adriatic Carbonate platform: palaeogeography, main events and depositional dynamics. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 220:333–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Voigt S, Wiese F (2000) Oxygen isotope variations and palaeobiogeographic changes in western and central Europe – evidence for late Turonian (Late Cretaceous) climate cooling. J Geol Soc 157:737–744

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Voigt S, Gale A, Flögel S (2004) Midlatitude shelf seas in the Cenomanian–Turonian greenhouse world: temperature evolution and North Atlantic circulation. Paleoceanography 19:PA4020, doi:10.1029/2004PA001015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walter H (2004) The mismeasure of islands: implications for biogeographical theory and the conservation of nature. J Biogeogr 31:177–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waters J, Dijkstra L, Wallis G (2000) Biogeography of a southern hemisphere freshwater fish: how important is marine dispersal? Mol Ecol 9:1815–1821

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weishampel D, Barret P, Coria R, Le Loeuff J, Xing X, Xijin Z, Sahni A, Gomani E, Noto C (2004) Dinosaur distribution. In: Weishampel D, Dodson P, Osmolska H (eds) Dinosauria, 2nd edn. University of California Press, Berkley, CA, pp 517–606

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wild R (1991) Janenschia n. g. robusta (E. Frass 1908) pro Tornieria robusta (E. Fraas 1908) (Reptilia, Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha). Stuttgarteer Beitrage Naturkude Ser B (Geol und Paleontol) 173:1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson M, Gaston K, Lonsdale M (2001) The species-area relationship does not have an asymptote! J Biogeogr 28:827–830

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson J (2002) Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis. Zool J Linnean Soc 136:217–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson J (2005) Redescription of the Mongolian sauropod Nemegtosaurus mongoliensis Nowinski (Dinosauria: Saurischia) and comments on Late Cretaceous sauropod diversity. J Syst Palaeontol 3:283–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson J (2006) An overview of Titanosaur evolution and phylogeny. In: Colectivo Arqueològico-Paleontològico Salense (ed) Actas de las III Jornades sobre Dinosaurios y su Entorno. Salas de los Infantes, Burgos, Espana, pp 169–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson J, Mohabey D (2006) A titanosauriform (Dinosauira: sauropoda) axis from the Lameta Formation (Upper Cretaceous: Maastrichtian) of Nand, Central India. J Vertebr Paleontol 26:471–479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson J, Mustafa H, Zalmout I (2006) Latest Cretaceous reptiles from the Hashemite kingdom of Jordan. J Vertebr Paleontol 26:140A

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson JA, Sereno PC, Srivastava S, Bhatt DK, Khosla A, Sahni A (2003) A new abelisaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Lameta Formation (Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of India. Contrib Mus Paleontol Univ Michigan 31(1):1–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Winberry J, Anandakrishnan S (2004) Crustal structure of the West Antarctic rift system and Marie Byrd Land Hotspot. Geology 32:977–980

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • You H, Ji Q, Lamanna M, Li J, Li Y (2004) A titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur with opisthocoelous caudal vertebrae from the Early Late Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, China. Acta Geol Sinica 78:907–911

    Google Scholar 

  • You H, Li D, Zhou L, Ji Q (2006) Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis, a new sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Hekou Group of Lanzhou Basin, Gansu Province, China. Geol Rev 52:668–674

    Google Scholar 

  • You H, Li D, Zhou L, Ji Q (2008) Daxiatitan binglingi: a giant sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China. Gansu Geol 17:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Zagrarni M, Negra M, Hanini A (2008) Cenomanian–Turonian facies and sequence stratigraphy, Bahloul Formation, Tunisia. Sediment Geol 204:18–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zunino M, Zullini A (1999) Biogeografia – La dimensione spaziale dell’evoluzione. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milano, 310pp

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was conducted at the Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geologico-Ambientali (Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Italy) and at the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology (Drumheller, Canada). The fundamental suggestions of John Talent and Tom Rich greatly improved the manuscript. The author wishes to thank Matthew Lamanna, Andrea Cau, Simone Maganuco, and Tetsuto Miyashita for enlightening discussions and constructive comments at various stages of this research. The study was financially supported by the Rotary International Foundation (Chicago, USA) and the Museo Geologico Giovanni Capellini (Bologna, Italy).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geologico-Ambientali, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy

    Federico Fanti

Authors
  1. Federico Fanti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Federico Fanti .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, Australia

    John A. Talent

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fanti, F. (2012). Cretaceous Continental Bridges, Insularity, and Vicariance in the Southern Hemisphere: Which Route Did Dinosaurs Take?. In: Talent, J.A. (eds) Earth and Life. International Year of Planet Earth. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3428-1_31

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation