Abstract
Montenegro is a small country, which occupies an area of about 14,000 km2 and hosts approximately 700,000 inhabitants. Despite its relatively small territory, the country is comparatively rich in natural beauties and historical sites which make Montenegro one of the most ecologically and culturally attractive regions in the Balkans and in Europe.
Part I of this article by O. Kujundzic, part II by E. Orlando
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Notes
- 1.
It was officially registered by the UN Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, in 1992.
- 2.
The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro existed from 2003 to 2006.
- 3.
Official Gazette of the Republic of Montenegro 17/2007.
- 4.
The interested Ministries are:
1. Ministry for Economic Development for projects in the sectors of energy production, energy distribution, energy demand, manufacture industry, chemical industry, construction, mining and mineral production, metal production, fugitive emissions from fuels, fugitive emission from production and consumption of halocarbons and sulphur–hexafluoride and use of solvents.
2. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Waterpower for projects in the agricultural sector and for afforestation and reforestation projects.
3. Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Telecommunications for projects in the transport sector.
4. Ministry of Finance, for projects involving public funds.
- 5.
The “Guidelines on the Internal Procedure, Criteria and Timeframe under which submitted Clean Development Mechanism Projects are evaluated and approved” are published and available on the Montenegrin DNA website, at http://www.vlada.cg.yu/eng/mintur/vijesti.php?akcija=rubrika&rubrika=344
- 6.
M. Castro, The Functions of a National Authority, in Establishing National Authorities for the CDM: A Guide for Developing Countries, C. Figueres (ed.), IISD, 2002; see also How to Guide – national and Institutional Frameworks for the Kyoto Protocol Flexible Mechanism in Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, UNDP, 2006.
- 7.
Law on Environmental Impact Assessment, Official Gazette No. 80/05.
- 8.
Article 12(2) of the Kyoto Protocol.
- 9.
J. Ellis, H. Wrinkler, J. Corfee-Morlot, F. Gagnon-Lebrun (2007) CDM: taking stock and looking forward, Energy Policy 35:15–28. On the relationship between the principle of sustainable development and the climate change regime, see M. Montini (2008) Sustainable development within the climate change regime. In H. C. Bugge, C. Voigt (eds) Sustainable development in international and national law, Europa Law Publishing, Gronigen.
- 10.
Ibidem.; see also K Holm Olsen (2007) The clean development mechanism’s contribution to sustainable development: a review of the literature. Climate Change 84:59–73.
- 11.
National Strategy of Sustainable Development of Montenegro, Government of the Republic of Montenegro, Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Protection, January 2007.
- 12.
According to what stated in the Assessment of the Projects Potential in the fields of renewable Energy Sources, Energy Efficiency, and Forestry Management in the Framework of Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol in Montenegro, Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea, 2007 (Portfolio of CDM projects in Montenegro), p. 8. A preliminary analysis of the carbon potential in Montenegro has estimated an aggregate potential in terms of CO2 at around 2.5 million tons of CO2 q per year, with an estimated resulting potential carbon investment at between 12 million and €25 million per year.
- 13.
Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea, Assessment of the Projects Potential in the fields of renewable Energy Sources, Energy Efficiency, and Forestry Management in the Framework of Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol in Montenegro (Portfolio for Montenegro), 2007. The portfolio is available on www.ambientebalcani.it
References
Holm Olsen K (2007) The clean development mechanism’s contribution to sustainable development: a review of the literature. Climate Change 84:57–73
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Kujundzic, O., Orlando, E. (2010). DNAs Experiences in the Western Balkans: The Republic of Montenegro. In: Montini, M. (eds) Developing CDM Projects in the Western Balkans. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3392-5_7
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