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A multi-proxy paleolimnological reconstruction of trophic state reference conditions for stratified carbonate-rich lakes in northern Germany

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Palaeolimnological Proxies as Tools of Environmental Reconstruction in Fresh Water

Part of the book series: Developments in Hydrobiology ((DIHY,volume 208))

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Abstract

This study aims to identify reference conditions (nutrient status and diatom assemblages) as required by the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) for stratified, carbonate-rich lowland lakes with a large watershed area (watershed area to lake volume ratio (WV) > 1.5 km2 10−6 m−3) and a retention time (RT) from 0.1 to 10 years (Central Baltic Lake-Type 1, German Lake-Type 10) in European ecoregion 14. Diatoms, pollen and geochemistry were analysed from sediment cores of six lakes from northern Germany representing different subtypes of Lake-Type 10 (varying WV and RT) and covering the past 290–1,750 years. Historic total phosphorus levels were inferred using diatom-based transfer functions selected from a merged European data set and from optimised data sets identified with the moving-window approach. Pollen and geochemical proxies were used to identify occurrence and intensity of anthropogenic catchment usage. Lake trophic state reference conditions and associated diatom assemblages were identified for three of the six study lakes. In contrast, according to fossil pollen assemblages, two lakes were already strongly impacted by intensive catchment usage when the oldest investigated sediments were laid down. Thus, reference conditions of these already eutrophic lakes could not be identified. Similarly, the lowermost samples of a core from the sixth lake showed signs of impact, and it remains unclear whether the identified dystrophic conditions occurred naturally or if they were due to the drainage of wetlands in Medieval times. Lakes with a relatively small WV (1.5–5.0 km2 10−6m−3) and RT > 1 year were naturally oligotrophic to low mesotrophic and a typical, representative diatom assemblage was identified. In contrast, typical reference conditions or diatom assemblages for lakes with higher WV (5–18.6 km2 10−6 m−3) and RT < 1 year could not be identified as chemical precipitation and upstream lakes (nutrient sinks or sources) additionally influenced natural nutrient levels. Therefore, the reference situation of both trophic state and diatom assemblages in a lake may be strongly influenced by other modifying, limnological processes in addition to WV and RT. Overall, this study helps to implement the WFD by identifying reference conditions and by discussing the level of differentiation of lake types required to set reference conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Str. 8, 18051, Rostock, Germany

    Thomas Hübener & Sven Adler

  2. University of Osnabrück, Institute of Geography, Seminarstr. 19, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany

    Petra Werner

  3. Institute of Botany, University of Greifswald, Grimmer Str. 88, 17487, Greifswald, Germany

    Manuela Schult

  4. Leibniz-Laboratory for Radiometric Dating and Stable Isotope Research, University of Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 11-13, 24118, Kiel, Germany

    Helmut Erlenkeuser

  5. Institute of Geography & Geology, University of Greifswald, Jahnstr. 16, 17489, Greifswald, Germany

    Hinrich Meyer

  6. State Agency for Nature and Environment Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburger Chaussee 25, 24220, Flintbek, Germany

    Mandy Bahnwart

Authors
  1. Thomas Hübener
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  2. Sven Adler
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  3. Petra Werner
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  4. Manuela Schult
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  5. Helmut Erlenkeuser
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  6. Hinrich Meyer
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  7. Mandy Bahnwart
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thomas Hübener .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1476, Budapest, P.O. Box 222, Hungary

    Krisztina Buczkó

  2. West-Transdanubian District Water Authority, H-8360, Keszthely, Csik F. str. 1, Hungary

    János Korponai

  3. Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, University of West Hungary, Szombathely, Hungary

    János Korponai

  4. Department of Limnology, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary

    Judit Padisák

  5. U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA

    Scott W. Starratt

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© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

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Hübener, T. et al. (2009). A multi-proxy paleolimnological reconstruction of trophic state reference conditions for stratified carbonate-rich lakes in northern Germany. In: Buczkó, K., Korponai, J., Padisák, J., Starratt, S.W. (eds) Palaeolimnological Proxies as Tools of Environmental Reconstruction in Fresh Water. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 208. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3387-1_19

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