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Biochemical Changes in Response to Intensive Resistance Exercise Training in the Elderly

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Heat Shock Proteins and Whole Body Physiology

Part of the book series: Heat Shock Proteins ((HESP,volume 5))

Abstract

Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and muscle strength, is closely related to inflammatory processes and seems to be aggravated by concomitant age-related alterations in cell-protecting mechanisms involving heat shock proteins (HSP). The most effective modality to counter sarcopenia is intensive resistance exercise, which also induces an inflammatory reaction and influences Hsp70 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and several tissues. In this review we focus on the influence of physical exercise on the HSP-expression during aging. Following a systematic literature search it can be concluded that there is very limited information available at this moment. Animal studies have described a blunted exercise-induced HSP response in the skeletal muscle, heart and liver of older rodents compared to younger ones. The human studies have shown that physical exercise lowers the basal Hsp70 expression in PBMC, probably by reducing the low-grade inflammation and the oxidative stress. A 6-weeks intensive resistance training program in elderly persons improves the heat-induced Hsp70 expression in PBMC, a phenomenon which might be related to a better cellular protection during stressful situations. More research is warranted in this domain, especially involving elderly persons in different clinical conditions and exploring the effects of different exercise schedules

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Abbreviations

AGE:

advanced glycation end products

HSF1:

heat shock factor 1

HSP:

heat shock protein

IGF-1:

insulin-like growth factor-1

IL-6:

interleukin

NO:

nitric oxide

PBMC:

peripheral blood mononuclear cell

RAGE:

receptor for AGE

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

TNF-α:

tumor necrosis factor-alpha

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium

    Ivan Bautmans

  2. Gerontology and Geriatrics Department, Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium

    Rose Njemini & Tony Mets

  3. Gerontology and Geriatrics Department, Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101-103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium

    Tony Mets

Authors
  1. Ivan Bautmans
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  2. Rose Njemini
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  3. Tony Mets
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tony Mets .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Medicine, Texas A & M University System, South 1st St. 1901, Temple, 76508, U.S.A.

    Alexzander A. A. Asea

  2. Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Koebenhavn, 2100, Denmark

    Bente K. Pedersen

Appendix

The bibliographic databases PubMed and Web of Science were screened (last search performed on August 7th 2008) systematically for experimental trials targeting the HSP-response to physical exercise in the elderly. For the search the following search keys were used:

  • PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/query.fcgi):

    (Aged OR Aged, 80 and over OR Ageing OR Aging OR Elderly) AND (Exercise OR Exercise Therapy OR Exercise Movement Techniques) AND (Heat-Shock Proteins OR Heat-Shock Response OR Chaperones OR Stress proteins) Keywords in this search were used both as Medical Subject Heading (MeSH, the U.S. National Library of Medicine controlled vocabulary thesaurus used for indexing MEDLINE articles) and as free keywords (as text).

    Total hits=183, from which relevant trials N=15 (3 on humans, 12 on animals)

  • Web of Science (http://apps.isiknowledge.com):

    (Aged OR Ageing OR Aging OR Elderly) AND (Exercise OR Exercise Therapy OR Exercise Movement Techniques) AND (Heat-Shock Proteins OR Heat-Shock Response OR Chaperones OR Stress proteins)

    Total hits=92, from which relevant trials N=12 (3 on humans, 9 on animals)

Papers were selected when they corresponded to all of the following criteria:

  • full article, reporting a trial (reviews and conference abstracts were excluded),

  • article involving older humans (age>60 years) or older animals

  • investigating the influence of physical exercise on HSP-expression

Fifteen trials corresponded to these criteria, from which three on humans and 12 on animals.

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Bautmans, I., Njemini, R., Mets, T. (2010). Biochemical Changes in Response to Intensive Resistance Exercise Training in the Elderly. In: Asea, A., Pedersen, B. (eds) Heat Shock Proteins and Whole Body Physiology. Heat Shock Proteins, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3381-9_21

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