Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Heat Shock Proteins and Diarrhea Causing Microorganisms: Emergence of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Heat Shock Proteins and Whole Body Physiology

Part of the book series: Heat Shock Proteins ((HESP,volume 5))

Abstract:

Although a variety of bacterial species cause intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases in humans, the pathogenic Escherichia coli strains account for the majority of infections like typhoid, dysentery and diarrhea. These represent a notable burden particularly for children living in less developed regions of the world and are responsible for an estimated 780–900 million cases of diarrhea worldwide. These infections are benign and self-limiting, although young children are more prone than adults to severe complications from the disease. These diseases are usually acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated with human or animal feces and result in infection caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, medications and food sensitivities. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) infection, which generally presents with watery diarrhea and occasionally with blood and mucus is emerging as a particularly lethal pathogen responsible for acute and persistent diarrhea in both developing and developed countries. As pathogenicity becomes better elucidated and antigenic proteins or portions of proteins of the pathogens are identified, immunization becomes a feasible means of preventing diarrheal disease. Recently a great deal interest has been focused on the on 60-kDa (GroEL) and 70-kDa (DnaK) families since they represent major targets of the host’s immune response. This chapter briefly describes current the role of HSP in diarrhea causing microorganisms and the emergence of EAEC as a global threat

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

AA:

aggregative adherence

AAF:

aggregative adherence fimbriae

AR:

acid resistance

ASP:

acid stress proteins

ATR:

acid tolerance response

DAEC:

diffusely adherent Escherichia coli

E. coli :

Escherichia coli

EAEC:

enteroaggregative Escherichia coli

EHEC:

enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

EIEC:

enteroinvasive Escherichia coli

EPEC:

enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

ETEC:

enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

GSH:

glutathione

HA:

haemaglutination

HIV:

human immunodeficiency virus

Hsp:

heat shock proteins

hsp :

heat shock protein gene

HSP:

heat shock protein family

ID:

infectious dose

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

MRHA:

mannose-resistant haemaglutination

OMP:

outer membrane proteins

ORT:

oral rehydration therapy

References

  • Abshire, K. Z. and Neidhardt, F. C. (1993) Analysis of proteins synthesized by Salmonella typhimurium during growth within a host macrophage. J Bacteriol 175, 3734–43.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adachi, J. A., Ericsson, C. D., Jiang, Z. D., DuPont, M. W., Pallegar, S. R. and DuPont, H. L. (2002) Natural history of enteroaggregative and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection among US travelers to Guadalajara, Mexico. J Infect Dis 185, 1681–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adachi, J. A., Jiang, Z. D., Mathewson, J. J., Verenkar, M. P., Thompson, S., Martinez-Sandoval, F., Steffen, R., Ericsson, C. D. and DuPont, H. L. (2001) Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli as a major etiologic agent in traveler’s diarrhea in 3 regions of the world. Clin Infect Dis 32, 1706–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arnold, K. W. and Kaspar, C. W. (1995) Starvation- and stationary-phase-induced acid tolerance in Escherichia coli O157:H7. Appl Environ Microbiol 61, 2037–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bern, C., Martines, J., de Zoysa, I. and Glass, R. I. (1992) The magnitude of the global problem of diarrhoeal disease: a ten-year update. Bull World Health Organ 70, 705–14.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bey, R. F., Larson, M. E., Lowery, D. E., Lee, B. W., Knutson, K. S., Simonson, R. R. and King, V. L. (1995) Protection of C3H/He mice from experimental Borrelia burgdorferi infection by immunization with a 110-kilodalton fusion protein. Infect Immun 63, 3213–17.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhan, M. K., Arora, N. K., Ghai, O. P., Ramachandran, K., Khoshoo, V. and Bhandari, N. (1986) Major factors in diarrhoea related mortality among rural children. Indian J Med Res 83, 9–12.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhardwaj, R., Majumdar, S., Ganguly, N. K., Taneja, N., Dutta, S., Ramamurthy, T. and Chakraborti, A. (2006) Characterization of adhesin variants in Indian isolates of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 258, 274–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Booth, I. R. (1985) Regulation of cytoplasmic pH in bacteria. Microbiol Rev 49, 359–78.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brandl, M. T. (2006) Fitness of human enteric pathogens on plants and implications for food safety. Annu Rev Phytopathol 44, 367–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, C. H., Su, L. H. and Chu, C. (2004) Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical disease, and treatment. Clin Microbiol Rev 17, 311–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Danilition, S. L., Maclean, I. W., Peeling, R., Winston, S. and Brunham, R. C. (1990) The 75-kilodalton protein of Chlamydia trachomatis: a member of the heat shock protein 70 family? Infect Immun 58, 189–96.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, B. E., Blaser, M. J. and Snyder, E. L. (1987) Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of Campylobacter outer membrane proteins. Infect Immun 55, 1564–72.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Durrer, P., Zbinden, R., Fleisch, F., Altwegg, M., Ledergerber, B., Karch, H. and Weber, R. (2000) Intestinal infection due to enteroaggregative Escherichia coli among human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. J Infect Dis 182, 1540–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Emanuelsson, O. and von Heijne, G. (2001) Prediction of organellar targeting signals. Biochim Biophys Acta 1541, 114–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez, H. F., Mathewson, J. J., Johnson, P. C. and DuPont, H. L. (1995) Intestinal immune response of volunteers ingesting a strain of enteroadherent (HEp-2 cell-adherent) Escherichia coli. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2, 10–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gorden, J. and Small, P. L. (1993) Acid resistance in enteric bacteria. Infect Immun 61, 364–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, P. L., Park, R. W. and Connerton, I. F. (1995) The gene for Campylobacter trigger factor: evidence for multiple transcription start sites and protein products. Microbiology 141 (Pt 6), 1359–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hager, K. M., Striepen, B., Tilney, L. G. and Roos, D. S. (1999) The nuclear envelope serves as an intermediary between the ER and Golgi complex in the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. J Cell Sci 112 (Pt 16), 2631–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, I. R., Czeczulin, J., Eslava, C., Noriega, F. and Nataro, J. P. (1999a) Characterization of pic, a secreted protease of Shigella flexneri and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 67, 5587–96.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, I. R., Hicks, S., Navarro-Garcia, F., Elias, W. P., Philips, A. D. and Nataro, J. P. (1999b) Involvement of the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli plasmid-encoded toxin in causing human intestinal damage. Infect Immun 67, 5338–44.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heyde, M. and Portalier, R. (1987) Regulation of major outer membrane porin proteins of Escherichia coli K 12 by pH. Mol Gen Genet 208, 511–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hickey, E. W. and Hirshfield, I. N. (1990) Low-pH-induced effects on patterns of protein synthesis and on internal pH in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Appl Environ Microbiol 56, 1038–45.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, D. B. and Dupont, H. L. (2004) Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli: an emerging pathogen in children. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 15, 266–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Itoh, Y., Nagano, I., Kunishima, M. and Ezaki, T. (1997) Laboratory investigation of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O untypeable:H10 associated with a massive outbreak of gastrointestinal illness. J Clin Microbiol 35, 2546–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, K. N., Oxford, L. and O’Byrne, C. P. (1999) Survival of low-pH stress by Escherichia coli O157:H7: correlation between alterations in the cell envelope and increased acid tolerance. Appl Environ Microbiol 65, 3048–55.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kahali, S., Sarkar, B., Chakraborty, S., Macaden, R., Deokule, J. S., Ballal, M., Nandy, R. K., Bhattacharya, S. K., Takeda, Y. and Ramamurthy, T. (2004a) Molecular epidemiology of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli associated with sporadic cases and outbreaks of diarrhoea between 2000 and 2001 in India. Eur J Epidemiol 19, 473–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kahali, S., Sarkar, B., Rajendran, K., Khanam, J., Yamasaki, S., Nandy, R. K., Bhattacharya, S. K. and Ramamurthy, T. (2004b) Virulence characteristics and molecular epidemiology of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates from hospitalized diarrheal patients in Kolkata, India. J Clin Microbiol 42, 4111–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katoh, T., Ohmori, H., Murakami, T., Karasaki, Y., Higashi, K. and Muramatsu, M. (1991) Induction of glutathione-S-transferase and heat-shock proteins in rat liver after ethylene oxide exposure. Biochem Pharmacol 42, 1247–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, S. H. E. and Schoel, B. (1994) Heat shock proteins as antigens in immunity against infection and self. In The biology of heat shock proteins and molecular chaperones, Morimoto, R. I., Tissieres, A. and Georgopoulos, C. eds, pp. 495–531. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Plainview, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaur, P. (2007) Molecular study of acid-induced proteins in a diarrheagenic enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandrigarh, India. p. 150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaur, P. and Chakraborti, A. (2009) Acid stress augments expression of 41 and 48 kDa outer membrane proteins of diarreheagenic enteroaggative Escherichia coli (manuscript in preparation).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiang, J. G. and Tsokos, G. C. (1998) Heat shock protein 70 kDa: molecular biology, biochemistry, and physiology. Pharmacol Ther 80, 183–201.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knutton, S., Shaw, R., Phillips, A. D., Smith, H. R., Willshaw, G. A., Watson, P. and Price, E. (2001) Phenotypic and genetic analysis of diarrhea-associated Escherichia coli isolated from children in the United Kingdom. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 33, 32–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • LaGier, M. J., Tachezy, J., Stejskal, F., Kutisova, K. and Keithly, J. S. (2003) Mitochondrial-type iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis genes (IscS and IscU) in the apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parvum. Microbiology 149, 3519–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lanata, C. F., Black, R. E., Gilman, R. H., Lazo, F. and Del Aguila, R. (1991) Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of acute vs. persistent diarrhea in periurban Lima, Peru. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 12, 82–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, I. S., Lin, J., Hall, H. K., Bearson, B. and Foster, J. W. (1995) The stationary-phase sigma factor sigma S (RpoS) is required for a sustained acid tolerance response in virulent Salmonella typhimurium. Mol Microbiol 17, 155–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, I. S., Slonczewski, J. L. and Foster, J. W. (1994) A low-pH-inducible, stationary-phase acid tolerance response in Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol 176, 1422–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, J. and Ficht, T. A. (1995) Protein synthesis in Brucella abortus induced during macrophage infection. Infect Immun 63, 1409–14.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, J., Lee, I. S., Frey, J., Slonczewski, J. L. and Foster, J. W. (1995) Comparative analysis of extreme acid survival in Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, and Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 177, 4097–104.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, J., Smith, M. P., Chapin, K. C., Baik, H. S., Bennett, G. N. and Foster, J. W. (1996) Mechanisms of acid resistance in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 62, 3094–100.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lindquist, S. and Craig, E. A. (1988) The heat-shock proteins. Annu Rev Genet 22, 631–77.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mahmoud, K. Z. and Edens, F. W. (2003) Influence of selenium sources on age-related and mild heat stress-related changes of blood and liver glutathione redox cycle in broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 136, 921–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, H. B. and Wanke, C. A. (1995) Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli as a possible cause of diarrhea in an HIV-infected patient. N Engl J Med 332, 273–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, V. L., Taylor, R. K. and Mekalanos, J. J. (1987) Cholera toxin transcriptional activator toxR is a transmembrane DNA binding protein. Cell 48, 271–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, J. B., Russo, A., Kinsella, T. J. and Glatstein, E. (1983) Glutathione elevation during thermotolerance induction and thermosensitization by glutathione depletion. Cancer Res 43, 987–91.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mobley, H. L. (1997) Helicobacter pylori factors associated with disease development. Gastroenterology 113, S21–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nataro, J. P. and Kaper, J. B. (1998) Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Clin Microbiol Rev 11, 142–201.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nishimura, H., Emoto, M., Kimura, K. and Yoshikai, Y. (1997) Hsp70 protects macrophages infected with Salmonella choleraesuis against TNF-alpha-induced cell death. Cell Stress Chaperones 2, 50–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Hagan, D. T. (1998) Recent advances in immunological adjuvants: the development of particulate antigen delivery systems. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 7, 349–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pabst, W. L., Altwegg, M., Kind, C., Mirjanic, S., Hardegger, D. and Nadal, D. (2003) Prevalence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli among children with and without diarrhea in Switzerland. J Clin Microbiol 41, 2289–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pai, M., Kang, G., Ramakrishna, B. S., Venkataraman, A. and Muliyil, J. (1997) An epidemic of diarrhoea in south India caused by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Indian J Med Res 106, 7–12.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palade, G. (1975) Intracellular aspects of the process of protein synthesis. Science 189, 867.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, H. J. and Paulson, K. E. (1997) Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in signal transduction and gene expression. Nutr Rev 55, 353–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pei, Z. and Blaser, M. J. (1993) PEB1, the major cell-binding factor of Campylobacter jejuni, is a homolog of the binding component in gram-negative nutrient transport systems. J Biol Chem 268, 18717–25.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phan-Thanh, L. and Gormon, T. (1997) Stress proteins in Listeria monocytogenes. Electrophoresis 18, 1464–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Polla, B. S., Bachelet, M., Elia, G. and Santoro, M. G. (1998) Stress proteins in inflammation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 851, 75–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Presterl, E., Nadrchal, R., Wolf, D., Rotter, M. and Hirschl, A. M. (1999) Enteroaggregative and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli among isolates from patients with diarrhea in Austria. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 18, 209–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prinz, T., Pfanner, N. and Truscott, K. N. (2002) Translocation of proteins into mitochondria. In Protein targeting, transport and translocation, Dalbey, R. E. and von Heijne, G. eds, pp. 214–239. Academic Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Qoronfleh, M. W., Bortner, C. A., Schwartzberg, P. and Wilkinson, B. J. (1998) Enhanced levels of Staphylococcus aureus stress protein GroEL and DnaK homologs early in infection of human epithelial cells. Infect Immun 66, 3024–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salmond, C. V., Kroll, R. G. and Booth, I. R. (1984) The effect of food preservatives on pH homeostasis in Escherichia coli. J Gen Microbiol 130, 2845–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Samali, A. and Orrenius, S. (1998) Heat shock proteins: regulators of stress response and apoptosis. Cell Stress Chaperones 3, 228–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sarantuya, J., Nishi, J., Wakimoto, N., Erdene, S., Nataro, J. P., Sheikh, J., Iwashita, M., Manago, K., Tokuda, K., Yoshinaga, M., Miyata, K. and Kawano, Y. (2004) Typical enteroaggregative Escherichia coli is the most prevalent pathotype among E. coli strains causing diarrhea in Mongolian children. J Clin Microbiol 42, 133–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scotland, S. M., Willshaw, G. A., Cheasty, T., Rowe, B. and Hassall, J. E. (1994) Association of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli with travellers’ diarrhoea. J Infect 29, 115–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sheikh, J., Czeczulin, J. R., Harrington, S., Hicks, S., Henderson, I. R., Le Bouguenec, C., Gounon, P., Phillips, A. and Nataro, J. P. (2002) A novel dispersin protein in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. J Clin Invest 110, 1329–37.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sheikh, J., Hicks, S., Dall’Agnol, M., Phillips, A. D. and Nataro, J. P. (2001) Roles for Fis and YafK in biofilm formation by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 41, 983–97.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Skirrow, M. S. and Blaser, M. J. (1992) Clinical and epidemiological considerations. In Campylobacter jejuni: current status and future trends, Nachamkin, I., Blaser, M. J. and Tompkins, L. S. eds, pp. 3–8. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H. R., Cheasty, T. and Rowe, B. (1997) Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and outbreaks of gastroenteritis in UK. Lancet 350, 814–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H. R., Scotland, S. M., Willshaw, G. A., Rowe, B., Cravioto, A. and Eslava, C. (1994) Isolates of Escherichia coli O44:H18 of diverse origin are enteroaggregative. J Infect Dis 170, 1610–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Svennerholm, A. M. and Tobias, J. (2008) Vaccines against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Expert Rev Vaccines 7, 795–804.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Triantafilou, M. and Triantafilou, K. (2002) Lipopolysaccharide recognition: CD14, TLRs and the LPS-activation cluster. Trends Immunol 23, 301–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tzipori, S., Montanaro, J., Robins-Browne, R. M., Vial, P., Gibson, R. and Levine, M. M. (1992) Studies with enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in the gnotobiotic piglet gastroenteritis model. Infect Immun 60, 5302–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vila, J., Vargas, M., Henderson, I. R., Gascon, J. and Nataro, J. P. (2000) Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli virulence factors in traveler’s diarrhea strains. J Infect Dis 182, 1780–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Villaseca, J. M., Navarro-Garcia, F., Mendoza-Hernandez, G., Nataro, J. P., Cravioto, A. and Eslava, C. (2000) Pet toxin from enteroaggregative Escherichia coli produces cellular damage associated with fodrin disruption. Infect Immun 68, 5920–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wai, S. N., Takade, A. and Amako, K. (1996) The hydrophobic surface protein layer of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains. FEMS Microbiol Lett 135, 17–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, S. L., Sojka, M., Dibb-Fuller, M. and Woodward, M. J. (1999) Effect of pH, temperature and surface contact on the elaboration of fimbriae and flagella by Salmonella serotype Enteritidis. J Med Microbiol 48, 253–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace-Gadsden, F. (2007) Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli related to uropathogenic clonal group A. Emerg Infect Dis 13, 757–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, S. and Edens, F. W. (1998) Heat conditioning induces heat shock proteins in broiler chickens and turkey poults. Poult Sci 77, 1636–45.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wizemann, T. M., Adamou, J. E. and Langermann, S. (1999) Adhesins as targets for vaccine development. Emerg Infect Dis 5, 395–403.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Y. L., Lee, L. H., Rollins, D. M. and Ching, W. M. (1994) Heat shock- and alkaline pH-induced proteins of Campylobacter jejuni: characterization and immunological properties. Infect Immun 62, 4256–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto, T., Wakisaka, N. and Nakae, T. (1997) A novel cryohemagglutinin associated with adherence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 65, 3478–84.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health grant RO1CA91889, institutional support from Scott & White Memorial Hospital and Clinic, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of Medicine, the Central Texas Veterans Health Administration and an Endowment from the Cain Foundation (to A. A).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Investigative Pathology, The Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Scott & White Memorial Hospital and Clinic, Temple, TX, USA

    Punit Kaur

  2. Division of Investigative Pathology, The Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Scott & White Memorial Hospital and Clinic, 1901 South First Street, Building 205, Room 1R36, Temple, TX, USA

    Alexzander Asea

Authors
  1. Punit Kaur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alexzander Asea
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexzander Asea .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Medicine, Texas A & M University System, South 1st St. 1901, Temple, 76508, U.S.A.

    Alexzander A. A. Asea

  2. Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Koebenhavn, 2100, Denmark

    Bente K. Pedersen

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kaur, P., Asea, A. (2010). Heat Shock Proteins and Diarrhea Causing Microorganisms: Emergence of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli . In: Asea, A., Pedersen, B. (eds) Heat Shock Proteins and Whole Body Physiology. Heat Shock Proteins, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3381-9_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation