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Embryonic Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

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Perspectives of Stem Cells

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Abstract

Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common movement disorders. Medical treatment and deep brain stimulation (DBS) are useful in some patients. However, these two therapies do not reconstitute patients' lost neuronal circuits and the disease itself progresses. Thus, it is often difficult to control the disease in late stages. Hundreds of patients have been involved in clinical trials where they received cell transplants from aborted fetal/embryonic brain tissue. Although some patients exhibit enormous improvement, this treatment is not standard due to potential problems associated with the use of aborted tissue, including a limited supply. In contrast, stem cell research is advancing rapidly and many people regard stem cells as the donor source of the next generation. Many laboratories have tried to generate donor cells from stem cells, especially embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Both human ES and human iPS cells can differentiate into dopamine (DA) neurons in vitro. These cells have been transplanted into animal models of Parkinson’s disease and behavioral recovery has been observed in some cases. Prior to clinical application, however, several problems remain: instability of DA neurons in vivo, risk of tumor formation by grafted cells, and the possible transfer of animal-derived pathogens. When these problems are solved, cell transplantation will likely become one of the standard treatments for Parkinson’s disease.

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Abbreviations

AA:

ascorbic Acid

BDNF:

brain-derived neurotrophic factor

ALS:

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

DA:

dopamine

dbc AMP:

dibutyryl cyclic AMP

DBS:

deep brain stimulation

EB:

embryoid bodies

ES cell:

embryonic stem cell

FACS:

fluorescent activated cell sorting

FN:

fibronectin-coated dish

GABA:

γ-aminobutyric acid

GDNF:

glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor

HLA:

human leukocyte antigen

iPS cells:

induced pluripotent stem cells

ITSF:

insulin, transferrin, selenite and fibronectin

L:

laminin coated dish

MACS:

magnetic activated cell sorting

MEF:

mouse embryonic fibroblast

MPTP:

1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine

Neu5Gc:

N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid residues

NPC:

Neural stem/progenitor cell(s)

O/L:

poly-ornithine and laminin-coated dish

6-OHDA:

6-hydroxy dopamine

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

SDIA:

stromal cell-derived inducing activity

SHH:

sonic hedgehog

TH:

tyrosine hydroxylase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Repair, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Asuka Morizane & Jun Takahashi

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  1. Asuka Morizane
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  2. Jun Takahashi
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Correspondence to Jun Takahashi .

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  1. Inst. Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil

    Henning Ulrich

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Morizane, A., Takahashi, J. (2010). Embryonic Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. In: Ulrich, H. (eds) Perspectives of Stem Cells. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3375-8_15

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