Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Encapsulation of Potassium Permanganate Oxidant in Biodegradable Polymers to Develop a Novel Form of Controlled-Release Remediation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Emerging Environmental Technologies, Volume II

  • 894 Accesses

Abstract

This research seeks to develop controlled release biodegradable polymers that release chemical oxidants at controlled or sustained rates to extend the longevity of treatments for water and soil. The present work explores the ability to encapsulate chemical oxidants in biodegradable polymers for environmental remediation. Several polymer/oxidant formulations were tested by combining hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers to create pellets with various release rates for potassium permanganate. Potassium permanganate is a crystalline chemical oxidant that is currently dissolved in water for use in drinking water treatment and in the remediation of chlorinated solvents. Prototype pellet structures ranging in 0.3–0.5 mm size were produced. The pellets were capable of slowly releasing potassium permanganate over a 44–47 day period of testing. This technology provides the potential for new methods for chemical remediation using biodegradable polymers including creation of subsurface permeable reactive barriers, wells packed with oxidation pellets, or reactors filled with pellets for pump and treat systems. This paper will summarize the development of this technology, release rate studies, and preliminary remediation studies for trichloroethylene using the controlled release prototypes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Segal M. (1991) Patches, pumps, and timed release: new ways to deliver drugs. FDA Consumer, 25(8), 13–15.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Vert M. (2005) Aliphatic polyesters: great degradable polymers that cannot do everything. Biomacromolecules, 6(2), 538–546.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Akelah A. (1996) Novel utilizations of conventional agrochemicals by controlled release formulations. Materials Science and Engineering C, 4(2), 83–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Al-Zahrani SM. (2000) Utilization of polyethylene and paraffin waxes as controlled delivery systems for different fertilizers. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, 39(2), 367–371.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Kakoulides EP, Valkanas GN. (1994) Modified rosin-paraffin wax resings as controlled delivery systems for fertilizers. Fabrication parameters governing fertilizer release in water. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, 33(6), 1623–1630.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Mogul MG, Akin H, Harirci N, Trantolo DJ, Gresser JD, Wise DL. (1996) Controlled Release of biologically active agents for the purposes of agricultural crop management. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 16, 289–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Quaglia F, Barbato F, De Rosa G, Granata E, Miro A, La Rotonda MI. (2001) Reduction of the environmental impact of pesticides: waxy microspheres encapsulating the insecticide carbaryl. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 49(10), 4808–4812.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Shaviv A, Raban S, Zaidel E. (2003) Modeling controlled nutrient release from polymer coated fertilizers: diffusion release from singe granules. Environmental Science and Technology, 37(10), 2251–2256.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bruck SD. (1990) Leachable components in polymeric medical implants and disposables. A brief critical review. Medical Progress Through Technology, 16(3), 131–143.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ding J, Liu G. (1998) Water-soluble hollow nanospheres as potential drug carriers. Journal of Physics and Chemistry B, 102(31), 6107–6113.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kohn J. (1996) Overview of the use of polymers in medical application as illustrated by the design, characterization, and application of tyrosine-derived polymers. Technical Papers, Regional Technical Conference – Society of Plastics Engineers; Brookfield, CT, USA. Soc of Plastics Engineers. Pp. 103–110. (Technical Papers, Regional Technical Conference – Society of Plastics Engineers).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Lenz RW, Marchessault R. (2005) Bacterial polyesters: biosynthesis, biodegradable plastics and biotechnology. Biomacromolecules, 6(1), 1–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Nair LS, Laurencin CT. (2006) Polymers as biomaterials for tissue engineering and controlled drug delivery.. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, Tissue Engineering I: Scaffold Systems for Tissue Engineering. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 102, 47–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Uhrich K. (1999) Polymeric systems for controlled drug release. Chemical Reviews, 99(11), 3181–3198.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Brewster M, Redman JD Redman Sander KA. (1995) Observed migration of a controlled DNAPL release by geophysical methods. Groundwater, 33(6), 977–987.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kang N, Hua I, Rao PS. (2004) Production and characterization of encapsulated potassium permanganate for sustained release as an in-situ oxidant. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, 43(17), 5187–5193.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Schwartz. (2005) Modeling of Potassium Permanganate encapsulated in wax. Report to the Department of Energy.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ross C, Murdoch LC, Freedman DL, Siegrist RL. (2005) Characteristics of potassium permanganate encapsulated in polymer. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 131(8), 1203–1211.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Gates DD, Siegrist RL, Cline SR. (1995) Chemical oxidation of contaminants in clay or sandy soil. Pittsburgh, PA, USA. ASCE. pp. 582–588.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kaplan DL, Mayer JM, Ball D, McCassie J, Allen AL, Stenhouse P. (1995) Fundamentals of biodegradable polymers. In: Ching C, Kaplan DL, Thomas EL, editors. Biodegradable Polymers and Packaging. Lancaster, PA: Technomic Publishing Company, Inc., pp. 1–42.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Mayer JM, Kaplan DL. (1995) Biodegradable materials and packaging – environmental test methods and needs. In: Ching C, Kaplan DL, Thomas EL, editors. Biodegradable Polymers and Packaging. Lancaster, PA: Technomic Publishing Company, Inc., pp. 233–245.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Smith R. (2005) Biodegradable Polymers for Industrial Applications. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing, Limited.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  23. Merkli A, Heller J, Tabatabay C, Gurny R. (1995) Synthesis and characterization of a new biodegradable seni-solid poly(orho ester for drug delivery systems. In: Cooper SL, Bamford CH, Tsuruta T, editors. Polymer Biomaterials in Solution, as Interfaces and as Solids, Part VIII.A. Biodegradable Polymers and Drug Delivery,. Utrecht: VSP, pp. 683–694.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Schnarr M, Truax C, Farquhar G, Hood E, Gonullu T, Stickney B. (1998) Laboratory and controlled field experiments using potassium permagnanate to remediate trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene DNAPLs in porous media. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 29, 205–224.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Siegrist R, Lowe KS, Murdoch LC, Case TL, Pickering DA. (1999) In-situ oxidation by fracture emplaced reactive solids. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 125(5), 429–440.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Siegrist R, Urynowicz MA, West OR, Crimi ML, Lowe KS. (1965) Principles and Practices of In-Situ Chemical Oxidation Using Permanganate. Columbus, OH: Battelle Press.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Siegrist RL, Lowe KS, Murdoch LC, Case TL, Pickering DA. (1999) In situ oxidation by fracture emplaced reactive solids. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 125(5), 429–440.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Gates-Anderson DD, Siegrist RL, Cline SR. (2001) Comparison of potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide as chemical oxidants for organically contaminated soils. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 127(4), 337–347.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Huang K-C, Hoag GE, Chheda P, Woody BA, Dobbs GM. (2002) Chemical oxidation of trichloroethylene with potassium permanganate in a porous medium. Advances in Environmental Research, 7(1), 217–229.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Blowes DW, Ptacek CJ, Benner SG, McRae CWT, Bennett TA, Puls RW. (2000) Treatment of inorganic contaminants using permeable reactive barriers. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 45(1), 123–137.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Burt TA, Li Z, Bowman RS. (2005) Evaluation of granular surfactant-modified/zeolite zero valent iron pellets as a reactive material for perchloroethylene reduction. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 131(6), 934–942.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank our funding sources NSF Small Grants for Explo-ratory Research (SGER Grant #0640035) and NSF Broadening Participation in Engineering (BRIGE Grant # 0831631). We would also like to thank John Carver, and Bryce Holmes in the North Carolina A&T State University Analytical Chemistry Lab for their assistance with this research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil, Architectural, and Agricultural Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 27411, Greensboro, NC, USA

    Stephanie Luster-Teasley, Patrick Onochie & Vestel Shirley

Authors
  1. Stephanie Luster-Teasley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Patrick Onochie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Vestel Shirley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stephanie Luster-Teasley .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dowling College, Idle Hour Blvd. 150, Oakdale, 11769, USA

    Vishal Shah

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Luster-Teasley, S., Onochie, P., Shirley, V. (2010). Encapsulation of Potassium Permanganate Oxidant in Biodegradable Polymers to Develop a Novel Form of Controlled-Release Remediation. In: Shah, V. (eds) Emerging Environmental Technologies, Volume II. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3352-9_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation