Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Acoustical Imaging pp 163–168Cite as

Second Harmonic Detection Generated from Fastened Bolt

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

  • 1243 Accesses

Part of the book series: Acoustical Imaging ((ACIM,volume 30))

Abstract

The second harmonic components before/after the bolt was fastened were detected by using double-layered piezoelectric transducer (DLPT). The resonance frequency of DLPT changes to 1 MHz (f 0/2) when connected in parallel, but remains at 2 MHz (f 0) when connected in series. An effective fundamental transmission (1 MHz) is obtained when the DLPT is electrically connected in parallel while efficient second harmonic reception (2 MHz) is obtained when the DLPT is connected in series. In our system, the pulse inversion averaging (PIA) method was applied to enhance the second harmonic component. A hexagon head bolt (the diameter of a screw: 12 mm, the length: 100 mm) was used in experimental. The bolt was fastened by 40 N-m. The detected second harmonic component after the bolt was fastened was increased by approximately 10 dB compared with before the bolt was fastened.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Sakai, T.: Zouho Neji Teiketsu Gairon, pp. 108–114. Yokendo Ltd., Tokyo (2005) [in Japanese]

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ogi, H., Hirao, M., Yasui, H.: Ultrasonic measurement of bolt-axial stress by a shear-wave electromagnetic acoustic transducer. Hihakai Kensa 47(5), 331–336 (1998) [in Japanese]

    Google Scholar 

  3. Kurosaki, S., Sasaki, Y., Izumi, S.: Trial of measurements for axial force of bolt using piezo cable. Hihakai Kensa 56(7), 149–154 (2007) [in Japanese]

    Google Scholar 

  4. Okugawa, M., Egawa, K.: Study on smart washer using piezoelectric material for bolt loosening detection. Hihakai Kensa 52(9), 511–516 (2003) [in Japanese]

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ohara, Y., Yamamoto, S., Mihara, T., Yamanaka, K.: Ultrasonic evaluation of closed cracks using subharmonic phased array. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 47(5), 3908–3915 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kawashima, K., Murase, M., Shibata, K., Ito, T.: Backscattered transverse wave imaging of cracked-faces with linear and nonlinear ultrasonics. Mater. Trans. 48(6), 1202–1207 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Cantrell, J.H.: Dependence of microelastic-plastic nonlinearity of martensitic stainless steel on fatigue damage accumulation. J. Appl. Phys. 100(063508), 1–7 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Alippi, A., Bettucci, A., Germano, M., Passeri, D.: Harmonic and subharmonic acoustic wave generation in finite structures. Ultrasonics 44, e1313–e1318 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Solodov, I., Wackerl, J., Pfleiderer, K., Busse, G.: Nonlinear self-modulation and subharmonic acoustic spectroscopy for damage detection and location. Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(26), 5386–5388 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Fukuda, M., Nishihira, M., Imano, K.: Real time extraction system using double-layered piezoelectric transducer for second-harmonic ultrasonic pulse waves. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(5B), 4556–4559 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Fukuda, M., Nishihira, M., Imano, K.: Real time detection of second-harmonic components generated from plastic-deformed metal rod using double-layered piezoelectric transducer. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 46(7B), 4529–4531 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Fukuda, M., Nishihira, M., Imano, K.: Novel detection system using double-layered piezoelectric transducer in same polarization direction for sub-harmonic components generated from plastic-deformed metal rod. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 47(5B), 3899–3903 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Burns, P.N., Simpson, D.H., Averkiou, M.A.: Nonlinear imaging. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 26(1), S19–S22 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Simpson, D.H., Chin, C.T., Burns, P.N.: Pulse inversion doppler: A new method for detecting nonlinear echoes from microbubble contrast agents. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelect. Freq. Contr. 46(2), 372–382 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Simm, F.C.: Phase inversion wideband non-linear imaging: Applications to tissue harmonic imaging. J. Med. Ultrason. 26(4), 285 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (Start-up) (No. 20860020) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita University, Akita, 010-8502, Japan

    M. Fukuda & K. Imano

Authors
  1. M. Fukuda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. Imano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , San Diego VA Healthcare System, University of California, La Jolla Village Dr. 3350, San Diego, 92161, California, USA

    Michael P. André

  2. Medical Center, Dept. Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, City Drive S. 101, Orange, 92868, California, USA

    Joie P. Jones

  3. College of Engineering, Dept. Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106-9560, California, USA

    Hua Lee

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Fukuda, M., Imano, K. (2011). Second Harmonic Detection Generated from Fastened Bolt. In: André, M., Jones, J., Lee, H. (eds) Acoustical Imaging. Acoustical Imaging, vol 30. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3255-3_20

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation