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Equilibrium Background of Processes Initiated by Heating and Ehrenfest’s Classification of Phase Transitions

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Book cover Thermal analysis of Micro, Nano- and Non-Crystalline Materials

Part of the book series: Hot Topics in Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry ((HTTC,volume 9))

Abstract

For a long time, transmutations, metamorphoses, and changes of substances (of fluid and solid bodies) have been the original subject of any investigation of alchemists as well as of more recent chemists. One of the oldest schemes of classification in chemistry was dividing chemical reactions into classes of decompositions (analyses), combinations (syntheses), substitutions (single replacements), and metatheses (double displacements). The invention of heat engines turned the attention of scientists to transitions between liquid water and its steam and led to the first quantitative relationship (today known as the Clapeyron equation) in 1834 (Clapeyron E, Puissance motrice de la chaleur. J l’École R Polytechnique Vingt-troisième cahier Tome XIV:153–190, 1834) describing the phase transformation and later to the foundation of thermodynamics as a new discipline of physics by William Thomson, later Lord Kelvin (An account of Carnot’s theory of the motive power of heat – with numerical results deduced from Regnault’s experiments on steam. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 16:541--574 (1849) and Clausius (Über die bewegende Kraft der Wärme und die Gesetze, welche sich daraus für die Wärmelehre selbst ableiten lassen. Pogg. Ann. (Annalen der Physik) 79:368–397, 500–524 (S. 372), 1850).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The condenser as a substantial part of steam engine was patented by Watt in 1769.

  2. 2.

    Degree of conversion in the case of homogeneous reactions.

  3. 3.

    See Chap. 3 in this book.

  4. 4.

    The name is taken from Mats Hillert’s book [31].

  5. 5.

    The name is taken from Hillert [31].

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Acknowledgments

This work has been carried out by NTC ZCU Pilsen under the support of the CENTEM project, reg. no. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0088, that is co-funded from the ERDF within the OP RDI program of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports.

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  1. New Technologies – Research Centre in the West Bohemian Region, University of West Bohemia, Universitní 8, 30614, Pilsen, Czech Republic

    Pavel Holba

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Correspondence to Pavel Holba .

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  1. , New Technologies - Research Centre in th, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, Plzeň, 30614, Czech Republic

    Jaroslav Šesták

  2. Fac. Chemical & Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia

    Peter Šimon

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Holba, P. (2012). Equilibrium Background of Processes Initiated by Heating and Ehrenfest’s Classification of Phase Transitions. In: Šesták, J., Šimon, P. (eds) Thermal analysis of Micro, Nano- and Non-Crystalline Materials. Hot Topics in Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3150-1_2

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