Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Review of Research on Impulsive Loading of Marine Composites

  • Chapter
Major Accomplishments in Composite Materials and Sandwich Structures

Abstract

Impulsive loading conditions, such as those produced by blast waves, are being increasingly recognized as relevant in marine applications. Significant research efforts are directed towards understanding the impulsive loading response of traditional naval materials, such as aluminum and steel, and advanced composites, such as laminates and sandwich structures. Several analytical studies are directed towards establishing predictive models for structural response and failure of marine structures under blast loading. In addition, experimental research efforts are focused on characterizing structural response to blast loading. The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the state of the art on analytical and experimental studies in this field that can serve as a guideline for future research directions. Reported studies cover the Office of Naval Research-Solid Mechanics Program sponsored research along with other worldwide research efforts of relevance to marine applications. These studies have contributed to developing a fundamental knowledge of the mechanics of advanced materials subjected to impulsive loading, which is of interest to all Department of Defense branches.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Cullis IG (2001) Blast waves and how they interact with structures. J Res Army Med Corps 147:16–26.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Keil AH (1956) Introduction to underwater explosion research. Norfolk Naval Ship Yard, Portsmouth, VA:UERD.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Taylor GI (1963) The pressure and impulse of submarine explosion waves on plates, 1941. The Scientific Papers of G I Taylor, Vol. III, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 287–303.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Stapley SA, Cannon LB (2006) An overview of the pathophysiology of gunshot and blast injury with resuscitation guidelines. Curr Orthopaedics 20:322–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Horrocks CL (2001) Blast injuries:Biophysics, pathophysiology, and management principles. J Res Army Med Corps 147:28–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ofengeim DK, Drikakis D (1997) Simulation of blast wave propagation over a cylinder. Shock Waves 7:305–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hunter KS, Geers TL (2004) Pressure and velocity fields produced by an underwater explosion. J Acoust Soc Am 115(4):1483–1496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kadioglu SY, Sussman M (2008) Adaptive solution techniques for simulating underwater explosions and implosions. J Comput Phys 227:2083–2104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Xie WF, Liu TG, Khoo BC (2007) The simulation of cavitating flows induced by underwater shock and free surface interaction. Appl Num Math 57:734–745.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Turner SE (2007) Underwater implosion of glass spheres. J Acoust Soc Am 121(2):844–852.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ohyagi S, Obara T, Nakata F, Hoshi S (2000) A numerical simulation of reflection processes of a detonation wave on a wedge. Shock Waves 10:185–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Shi Y, Hao H, Li Z-X (2007) Numerical simulation of blast wave interaction with structure columns. Shock Waves 17:113–133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Hall DJ (1989) Examination of the effects of underwater blasts on sandwich composite structures. Compos Struct 11:101–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Rajendran R, Paik JK, Lee JM (2007) Of underwater explosion experiments on plane plates. Exp Tech 31:18–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Wei Z, Dharmasena KP, Wadley HNG, Evans AG (2007) Analysis and interpretation of a test for characterizing the response of sandwich panels to water blast. Int J Impact Eng 34(10):1602–1618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Hammond L, Grzebieta R (2000) Structural response of submerged air-backed plates by experimental and numerical analyses. Shock Vibrat 7(6):333–341.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ramajeyathilagam R, Vendhan CP (2004) Deformation and rupture of thin rectangular plates subjected to underwater shock. Int J Impact Eng 30:699–719.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Hung CF, Hsu PY, Hwang-Fuu JJ (2005) Elastic shock response of an air-backed plate to underwater explosion. Int J Impact Eng 31:151–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. McShane GJ, Radford DD, Deshpande VS, Fleck NA (2006) The response of clamped sandwich plates with lattice cores subjected to shock loading. Eur J Mech —A/Solids 25:215–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Radford DD, McShane GJ, Deshpande VS, Fleck NA (2006) The response of clamped sandwich plates with metallic foam cores to simulated blast loading. International J Solids Struct 43:2243–2259.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Deshpande VS, Heaver A, Fleck NA (2006) An underwater shock simulator. Proc Royal Soc A 462:1021–1041.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Espinosa HD, Lee S, Moldovan N (2006) A novel fluid structure interaction experiment to investigate deformation of structural elements subjected to impulsive loading. Exp Mech 46:805–824.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Mouritz AP (1996) The effect of underwater explosion shock loading on the flexural properties of Grp laminates. Int J Impact Eng 18(2):129–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Mouritz AP (1995) The effect of underwater explosion shock loading on the fatigue behaviour of GRP laminates. Composites 26(1):3–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Mouritz AP, Saunders DS, Buckley S (1994) The damage and failure of GRP laminates by underwater explosion shock loading. Composites 25(6):431–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Mouritz AP (1994) Failure mechanisms of mild-steel bolts under different tensile loading rates. Int J Impact Eng 15:311–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Tekalur SA, Shukla A, Shivakumar K (2008) Blast resistance of polyurea based layered composite materials. Compos Struct 84:271–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Tekalur SA, Shivakumar K, Shukla A (2008) Mechanical behavior and damage evolution in E-glass vinyl ester and carbon composites subjected to static and blast loads. Compos B:Eng 39:57–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Turkmen HS, Mecitoglu Z (1999) Dynamic response of a stiffened laminated composite plate subjected to blast load. J Sound Vibr 221(3):260–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Comtois JLR, Edwards MR, Oakes MC (1999) The effect of explosives on polymer matrix composite laminates. Compos Pt A-Appl Sci Manuf 30:181–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Turkmen HS (2002) Structural response of laminated composite shells subjected to blast loading:Comparison of experimental and theoretical methods. J Sound Vibr 249:663–678.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Gning PB, Tarfaoui M, Collombet F, Riou L, Davies P (2005) Damage development in thick composite tubes under impact loading and influence on implosion pressure:experimental observations. Compos B:Eng 36(4):306–318.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Slater JE (1994) Selection of a blast-resistant GRP composite panel design for naval ship structures. Marine Struct 7(2–5):417–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. LeBlanc J, Shukla A, Rousseau C, Bogdanovich A (2007) Shock loading of three-dimensional woven composite materials. Compos Struct 79(3):344–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Ribeiro J, Plaksin I, Campos J, Mendes R, Gois J (2000) Process of shock attenuation inside a hollow glass microsphere/polymeric composite media. AIP Conf Proc 505:559–562.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ribeiro J, Campos J, Plaksin I, Mendes R (2002) Shock wave propagation process in epoxy syntactic foams. AIP Conf Proc 620:721–724.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ribeiro J, Campos J, Mendes R, Plaksin I (2003) Wide range shock wave data for polyester syntactic foams. J Phys IV 110:785–791.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Ribeiro J, Campos J, Plaksin I, Mendes R, Góis J (2003) Asymmetric collapse and micro-jetting in shock wave propagation in porous materials. Phys IV 110:887–893.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Panchal KV (2008) Development of a shock test method for characterization of shock response of materials. Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering. Brooklyn, NY:Polytechnic University.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Tagliavia G, Porfiri M, Gupta N (2009) Damping characteristics of glass hollow particle filled vinyl ester matrix composites. J Comp Mater 43(5):561–582.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Gupta N, Ricci W (2006) Comparison of compressive properties of layered syntactic foams having gradient in microballoon volume fraction and wall thickness. Mat Sci Eng A 427:331–342.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Porfiri M, Nguyen NQ, Gupta N (2009) Thermal conductivity of multi-phase particulate composite materials. J Mater Sci in press:doi:10.1007/s10853-10008-13040-10850, 44(6):1485–1493.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Porfiri M, Gupta N (2009) Effect of volume fraction and wall thickness on the elastic properties of hollow particle filled composites. Compos B:Eng in press:doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2008.1009.1002, 40(2):166–173.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Langdon GS, Cantwell WJ, Nurick GN (2005) The blast response of novel thermoplastic-based fibre–metal laminates —some preliminary results and observations. Compos Sci Technol 65:861–872.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Cole RH (1965) Underwater Explosions, Dover, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Gupta AD, Gregory FH, Bitting RL, Bhattacharya S (1987) Dynamic analysis of an explosively loaded hinged rectangular plate. Comput Struct 26(1–2):339–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Jiang J, Olson MD (1991) Nonlinear dynamic analysis of blast loaded cylindrical shell structures. Comput Struct 40:1139–1149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Louca LA, Pan YG, Harding JE (1998) Response of stiffened and unstiffened plates subjected to blast loading. Eng Struct 20(12):1079–1086.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Librescu L, Nosier A (1990) Response of laminated composite flat panels to sonic boom and explosive blast loadings. Am Inst Aeron Astron J 28:345–352.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Houlston R, Slater JE (1993) Damage analysis with ADINA of naval panels subjected to a confined air-blast wave. Comput Struct 47(4–5):629–639.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Houlston R, Slater JE (1991) Global and local modelling of naval panels subjected to shock loads. Comput Struct 40(2):353–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Houlston R, Slater JE, Pegg N, Desrochers CG (1985) On analysis of structural response of ship panels subjected to air blast loading. Comput Struct 21(1–2):273–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Batra RC, Hassan NM (2007) Response of fiber reinforced composites to underwater explosive loads. Compos B:Eng 38:448–468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Hassan NM, Batra RC (2008) Modeling damage in polymeric composites. Compos B:Eng 39:66–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Gupta NK, Nagesh S (2007) Deformation and tearing of circular plates with varying support conditions under uniform impulsive loads. Int J Impact Eng 34:42–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Li QM, Jones N (1999) Shear and adiabatic shear failures in an impulsively loaded fully clamped beam. Int J Impact Eng 22:589–607.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Hayman B (1995) Underwater explosion loading on foam-cored sandwich panels. Proceedings from the third inter-national conference on sandwich construction, Southampton, England.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Librescu L, Oh S-Y, Hohe J (2006) Dynamic response of anisotropic sandwich flat panels to underwater and in-air explosions. Int J Solids Struct 43:3794–3816.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Qin Z, Batra RC (2009) Local slamming impact of sandwich composite hulls. Int J Solids Struct 46:2011–2035.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. McCoy RW, Sun CT (1997) Fluid—structure interaction analysis of a thick-section composite cylinder subjected to underwater blast loading. Compos Struct 37:45–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Makinen K (1999) The transverse response of sandwich panels to an underwater shock wave. J Fluids Struct 13:631–646.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Deshpande VS, Fleck NA (2005) One-dimensional response of sandwich plates to underwater shock loading. J Mech Phys Solids 53:2347–2383.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Tilbrook MT, Deshpande VS, Fleck NA (2006) The impulsive response of sandwich beams:Analytical and numerical investigation of regimes of behaviour. J Mech Phys Solids 54:2242–2280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Main JA, Gazonas GA (2008) Uniaxial crushing of sandwich plates under air blast:Influence of mass distribution. Int J Solids Struct 45:2297–2321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Kambouchev N, Noels L, Radovitsky R (2006) Nonlinear compressibility effects in fluid—structure interaction and their implications on the air-blast loading of structures. J App Phys 100:063519.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Liang Y, Spuskanyuk AV, Hayhurst DR, Hutchinson JW, McMeeking RM, Evans AG (2007) The response of metallic sandwich panels to water blast. J Appl Mech-Trans ASME 74:81–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Vaziri A, Hutchinson JW (2007) Metal sandwich plates subject to intense air shocks. Int J Solids Struct 44:2021–2035.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Wei Z, Deshpande VS, Evans AG, Dharmasena KP, Queheillalt DT, Wadley HNG, et al. (2008) The resistance of metallic plates to localized impulse. J Mech Phys Solids 56:2074–2091.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. McMeeking RM, Spuskanyuk AV, He MY, Deshpande VS, Fleck NA, Evans AG (2008) An analytic model for the response to water blast of unsupported metallic sandwich panels. Int J Solids Struct 45:478–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Parga-Landa B, Vlegels S, Hernandez-Olivares F, Clark SD (1999) An analytical study of the effect of slamming pressures on the interlaminar behaviour of composite panels. Compos Struct 46:357–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Chung C-H, Lee Y-J (2008) Progressive failure of marine GFRP laminated plates impulsive water pressure. J Comp Mater 42:335–365.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Downs-Honey R, Edinger S, Battley M (2006) Slam testing of sandwich panels. Sampe J 42:47–55.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Liang C-C, Tai Y-S (2006) Shock responses of a surface ship subjected to noncontact underwater explosions. Ocean Eng 33(5–6):748–772.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Gong SW, Lam KY (1998) Transient response of stiffened composite submersible hull subjected to underwater explosive shock. Compos Struct 41:27–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Shin YS (2004) Ship shock modeling and simulation for far-field underwater explosion. Com-put Struct 82(23–26):2211–2219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Zong Z, Lam KY, Liu GR (1999) Probabilistic risk prediction of submarine pipelines subjected to underwater explosion shock. J Offshore Mech Arctic Eng-Trans ASME 121(4):251–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Kwon YW, Cunningham RE (1998) Comparison of USA-DYNA finite element models for a stiffened shell subject to underwater shock. Comput Struct 66(1):127–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Kwon YW, Jo JC (2008) 3D modeling of fluid—structure interaction with external flow using coupled LBM and FEM. J Press Vessel Technol-Trans ASME 130:8.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research grant N00014-07-1-0419 with Dr. Y.D.S. Rajapakse as the program manager. Views expressed herein are those of authors, and not of the funding agency. The authors acknowledge Mr. G. Tagliavia for his help in collecting literature and Dr. S.D. Peterson for his careful review of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201

    Maurizio Porfiri & Nikhil Gupta

Authors
  1. Maurizio Porfiri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nikhil Gupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maurizio Porfiri .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Civil &Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2137 Tech Drive, Catalysis Bldg., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA

    I. M. Daniel

  2. Dept. of Civil Engineering Lab. for Applied Mechanics, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, 67100, Greece

    E. E. Gdoutos

  3. Office of Naval Research, Solid Mechanics Program, Arlington, VA, 22203-1995, USA

    Y. D. S. Rajapakse

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Porfiri, M., Gupta, N. (2009). A Review of Research on Impulsive Loading of Marine Composites. In: Daniel, I.M., Gdoutos, E.E., Rajapakse, Y.D.S. (eds) Major Accomplishments in Composite Materials and Sandwich Structures. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3141-9_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation