The New Encyclopedia of Knowledge

Ernst, Germana

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3126-6_10

Germana Ernst²

Part of the book series: International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives internationales d'histoire des idées ((ARCH,volume 200))

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Abstract

Having overcome the most difficult period of imprisonment (a period that surprisingly gave rise to remarkable texts such as the Senso delle cose, the Poesie, and the Ateismo trionfato), Campanella dedicated himself to the systematic refoundation of the sciences in the years that followed. As he would emphasize in a beautiful passage in the dedicatory letter addressed to Chancellor Pierre Séguier that precedes the Philosophia realis, even the long years in jail could be reread as elements in a providential design: Spending my life in the prisons of ungrateful masters, God, through whose wisdom all things are made and ordered, wanted that I be shut up for the time required to refound all of the sciences, a refounding that (always following his divine inspiration) I have conceived in my mind. This was a feat that I would not have been able to complete in a condition of ordinary happiness or without solitude. Deprived of the world of the body, I travelled through the world of the mind which is a great deal more vast and is therefore the infinitude of that Archetype that rules over every thing with the word of its virtue.¹

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Notes

1.
Lettere, p. 379.
2.
Oeconomica, p. 1039.
3.
Ibid., p. 1062.
4.
See ch. 9, notes 3, 4, 48.
5.
Cf. Quaest. mor., quaest. secunda De libero arbitrio, p. 27. On Campanella’s conception of liberty, see Germana Ernst, ‘Libertà dell’uomo e vis Fati in Campanella,’ in Humanistica. Per Cesare Vasoli, ed. F. Meroi and E. Scapparone (Florence, 2004), pp. 207-229.
6.
Quaest. mor., quaest. prima De summo bono, pp. 1-23.
7.
Ibid., pp. 6f, 20-21.
8.
The exposition of the doctrines of political leaders is there, pp. 2-3; the response, at pp. 8, 11-13.
9.
Ibid., p. 11.
10.
Quaest. pol., quaest. prima De dominio et regno, pp. 80, 83-84. On the relationship with the doctrines of Machiavelli, see ch. 4.3.
11.
A modern edition, with Italian translation, of the third political question in Città del Sole (1997), together with subsequent reprintings, pp. 112-137 (Italian trans. by L. Firpo); there is likewise a modern edition of the fourth question in Città del Sole (1996) and subsequent reprintings, pp. 96-173 (Italian trans. by G. Ernst). Regarding the fourth question, see ch. 6, pp. 102-103.
12.
Quaest. pol., p. 72.
13.
Ibid., pp. 78-79.
14.
Ibid., p. 97: ‘si autem in rure de oleribus tractassent, melius reipublicae fuisset.’
15.
Ibid., p. 92 (see 1 Cor 12, 14-26).
16.
On l’Apologia pro Telesio, see ch. 2, pp. 27-28; there is a tract of the plague in Lettere, pp. 112-117; there is also another on ways of avoiding summer heat (ibid., pp. 124-130); lost, however, are short works on hernias, on how to extract mercury from internal organs, and on how to avoid excessive cold.
17.
Regarding medicine, see Michael Mönnich, Tommaso Campanella: Sein Beitrag zur Medizin und Pharmacie in der Renaissance (Stuttgart, 1990); Marie-Dominique Couzinet, ‘Notes sur les Medicinalia de Tommaso Campanella,’ Nuncius, 13 (1998), pp. 39-67; Guido Giglioni, ‘La medicina di Tommaso Campanella tra metafisica e cultura popolare,’ in Laboratorio Campanella, pp. 177-195; Id., ‘Healing and Belief in Tommaso Campanella’s Philosophy,’ Intellectual History Review, 17 (2007), pp. 225-238.
18.
Medicina, p. 16: ‘quomodo enim res stupida sapientiam pariat?’
19.
Medicina, p. 56: ‘Veneris laetitia, sed pura absque peccato, multis praevalet medicinis.’
20.
Ibid., pp. 63-64; see note 3 above.
21.
‘De retardando insigniter senio et de reiuvenescentia,’ ibid., pp. 66-70.
22.
Ibid., p. 142.
23.
Ibid., p. 244.
24.
On signatures, see Massimo L. Bianchi, Signatura rerum. Segni, magia e conoscenza da Paracelso a Leibniz (Rome, 1987).
25.
Medicina, p. 275.
26.
Ibid., p. 317.
27.
On the relationship between melancholy and prophecy in Campanella, see also Germana Ernst, ‘“Contra l’ombra di morte accesa lampa.” Echi ficiniani in Campanella,’ in Forme del Neoplatonismo. Dall’eredità ficiniana ai Platonici di Cambridge, ed. L. Simonutti (Florence, 2007), pp. 147-175.
28.
Medicina, p. 319.
29.
Ibid., p. 338.
30.
Ibid., p. 345.
31.
Ibid., p. 348.
32.
See the original contribution from Romano Amerio, ‘Autobiografia medica di fra Tommaso Campanella,’ Archivio di Filosofia, special issue Campanella e Vico (Rome, 1969), pp. 11-19.
33.
Medicina, pp. 125, 218, 223, 395, 422, 433, 517-518.
34.
Ibid., pp. 398-399, 433.
35.
On that work, see the contribution of Lina Bolzoni, ‘La Poetica latina di Tommaso Campanella,’ Giornale storico della letteratura italiana, 149 (1972), pp. 481-521.
36.
Dialectica, I, 1, in Philosophia rationalis (Paris: I. Dubray, 1638).
37.
Grammatica, in Scritti letterari, p. 435.
38.
Ibid., p. 439.
39.
See ch. 3, 2, bearing in mind that the Latin text, as usual, develops the material more amply and organizes it more systematically.
40.
The initial core of the work dates to the period spent in Padua.
41.
Rhetorica, pp. 742-745.
42.
Ibid., p. 749.
43.
Ibid., p. 751.
44.
Ibid., p. 763.
45.
Historiographia, p. 1232.
46.
Ibid., p. 1244.
47.
Ibid., p. 1246.
48.
Ibid., p. 1248.
49.
Ibid., p. 1250.
50.
Ibid. The work in question, by Paolo Regio (1541-1607), Bishop of Vico Equense, was titled La meravigliosa vita di San Francesco di Paola (Naples, 1581).
51.
Lettere , p. 395.
52.
According to the Syntagma (pp. 48f), the initial core of the work - which would eventually be divided into eighteen books in three parts (where the chapter list alone takes up around thirty pages) - goes back to the years of his youth. After that first draft was lost, Campanella, in the first years of his incarceration, prepared an Italian version. But that version, given to an unfaithful disciple was also lost and then Campanella began the Latin redaction, which, sequestered in 1610, was rewritten and continually enlarged and revised.
53.
Metaphysica, part I, p. 4a.
54.
On the relationship between Campanella and the Scepticism see Gianni Paganini, Skepsis. Le débat des modernes sur le Scepticisme Montaigne-Le Vayer-Campanella-Hobbes-Descartes-Bayle (Paris, 2008); Id., ‘Tommaso Campanella: The Reappraisal and Refutation of Scepticism’, in Gianni Paganini and José R. Maia Neto (eds.), Renaissance Scepticism (Dordrecht, 2009), pp. 275-303.
55.
Metaphysica , part I, pp. 20-21.
56.
Senso delle cose , p. 109.
57.
Metaphysica , part I, p. 73a.
58.
Ibid., p. 73b.
59.
Ibid., p. 73a. On the relationship between Campanella and Descartes, see Gianni Paganini, ‘Le Cogito et l’ame qui “se sent.” Descartes lecteur de Campanella,’ B&C , 14 (2008), pp. 11-29; see note 53.
60.
Ibid., p. 63a.
61.
Ad philosophos Germaniae , in Opera Latina , I, pp. 17-18; see ch. 4, note 14.
62.
Metaphysica, part II, p. 217.
63.
Ibid.; see note 32.
64.
Ibid. part II, p. 169b.
65.
Ibid., part III, pp. 238, 239.
66.
Ad philosophos Germaniae , p. 18.
67.
Quaest. phys ., in Phil. realis , p. 513.
68.
Metaphysica , part III, p. 152b.
69.
Ibid., part III, p. 32b; on this issue, see Michel-Pierre Lerner, ‘cosmologia,’ in Enciclopedia , vol. 1, coll. 220-229.
70.
Letter of 20 July 1624, in Lettere, p. 203.
71.
For a recent adjustment of the edition of the books on theology (and a detailed profile of Romano Amerio and his publications), see Maria Muccillo, La pubblicazione della ‘Theologia,’ in Laboratorio Campanella, pp. 213-234.
72.
Roma, AGOP, ser. XIV, 288-293, 6 vols.; Paris, Bibl. Mazarine, mss 1077, cc. 1031 (ll. VI-XV); 1078, cc. 884 (ll. XXI-XXIII); see Firpo, Bibliografia, pp. 159-162.
73.
In the other three books contained in the second Paris codex (ll. XXI, XXII, XXXIII), the enumeration comes back into alignment, in that the XV P (XIV R) fills the gap of the inexistent XV R. Such specification is necessary because the volumes edited by Amerio sometimes follow the numbering from R and sometimes the numbering from P.
74.
De ceremonialibus Iesu Christo observatis (Rome, 1993), l. XX (the book, trans. by Amerio, was completed with the transcription of the text and with a set of notes and an index by M. Muccillo); De conservatione et gubernatione rerum (l. VI R, VII P), ed. M. Muccillo (Rome, 2000).
75.
Il peccato originale, Theologicorum l. XVI, ed. R. Amerio (Rome, 1960), p. 69; see Germana Ernst, Tommaso Campanella (1568-1639), in Il peccato originale nel pensiero moderno, ed. G. Riconda, M. Ravera, C. Ciancio, G. Cuozzo (Brescia, 2009), pp. 189-212.
76.
On these topics, see Germana Ernst, Magia, divinazione e segni in Tommaso Campanella, in La magia nell’Europa moderna. Tra antica sapienza e filosofia naturale, ed. F. Meroi and E. Scapparone (Florence, 2007), vol. II, pp. 589-611.
77.
Magia e grazia, Theologicorum l. XIV, ed. R. Amerio (Rome, 1957), p. 7.
78.
Ibid., p. 153.

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Ernst, G. (2010). The New Encyclopedia of Knowledge. In: Tommaso Campanella. International Archives of the History of Ideas / Archives internationales d'histoire des idées, vol 200. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3126-6_10

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