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Transgenic Approaches

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Abiotic Stress Adaptation in Plants

Summary

The everyday deteriorating environmental factors such as extremes of temperature (high and low), water availability (drought and flooding), ion or physiological pH (salinity and alkalinity), UV light and anoxia pose deleterious effects on the survival and overall yield of the plants. Since, the abiotic stresses are multigenic as well as quantitative in nature, it is far more difficult to understand the response of the plants towards these stresses. Intensive efforts are being made worldwide employing physiological, biochemical and molecular tools to raise plants with improved suitability towards environmental stresses. With the advances in recent years towards identifying the genes that are regulated under stress, and sequencing of the whole plant genomes, research is being taken up actively to understand the molecular basis of abiotic stress responses and to manipulate these processes via genetic engineering. Employing transgenic technology, functional validation of various target genes, involved in diverse processes such as signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, ion homeostasis and antioxidant defense for various abiotic stresses has been attempted in various model systems. Some of these efforts have been extended to crop plants such as rice, maize, Brassica, wheat etc. This chapter presents a brief description of the transgenic studies that have been attempted with a view to understand the role of various genes which were indicated to be important, and transfer of some of these genes to crop plants for enabling them to survive under stress conditions.

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Abbreviations

ADC:

arginine decarboxylase

AFP:

antifreeze protein

AOX:

alternative oxidase

CaM:

calmodulin

CaN:

calcineurin

CAT:

catalase

CBF:

CCAAT-binding factor

CDPK:

calcium-dependent protein kinase

COD:

choline oxidase

DHAR:

dehydroascorbate reductase

DREB:

dehydration-responsive element binding protein

EREBP:

ethylene-responsive element binding protein

ERF:

ethylene-responsive factor

GB:

glycine betaine

Gly:

glyoxalase

GPX:

glutathione peroxidase

GSH:

glutathione

GST:

glutathione-S-transferase

LEA:

late embryogenesis abundant protein

MAPK:

mitogen activated protein kinase

ODC:

ornithine decarboxylase

P5CS:

Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase

PA:

polyamine

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SAMDC:

S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

SOS:

salt overly sensitive

TF:

transcription factor

UDP:

uridine diphosphate

ZFP:

zinc finger protein

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Acknowledgements

The work in the laboratory of SKS and SLS-P is supported by grants from ICGEB and Department of Biotechnology, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. We thank Prof. R.C. Pant for critically reading this manuscript. We apologize to all colleagues whose work could not be cited due to space restriction.

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  1. Plant Molecular Biology, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India

    Anil K. Singh, Sudhir K. Sopory, Ray Wu & Sneh L. Singla-Pareek

  2. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 316 Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    Ray Wu

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  1. Anil K. Singh
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  2. Sudhir K. Sopory
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  4. Sneh L. Singla-Pareek
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Correspondence to Sneh L. Singla-Pareek .

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  1. School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Ashwani Pareek

  2. School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India

    S.K. Sopory

  3. Dept. Plant Biology, University of Illinois, W. Gregory Drive 1201, Urbana, 61801, U.S.A.

    Hans J. Bohnert

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Singh, A.K., Sopory, S.K., Wu, R., Singla-Pareek, S.L. (2009). Transgenic Approaches. In: Pareek, A., Sopory, S., Bohnert, H. (eds) Abiotic Stress Adaptation in Plants. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3112-9_19

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