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Responses to Macronutrient Deprivation

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Abiotic Stress Adaptation in Plants

Summary

Photosynthetic organisms have developed elaborate mechanisms to acquire macronutrients and to adjust to conditions in which those nutrients become limiting to growth. Some of the responses of photosynthetic organisms to macronutrient limitation may be specific for a particular nutrient and involve the development of various mechanisms to scavenge the limiting nutrient from the external milieu, which may require elevated synthesis of high affinity transport systems, the redistribution of internal nutrient stores and the synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes that release the nutrient from organic substrates in the soil. Other responses may be of a more general nature, occurring during a number of different nutrient limitation conditions, and involve modifying the biosynthetic machinery of the cell, including the photosynthetic apparatus. In this review we focus on the acquisition of the macronutrients nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus from the environment, and the ways in which the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii acclimates to changes in its nutrient environment.

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Abbreviations

AAP:

Arabiopsis amino acid permease

ABC transporter:

ATP binding cassette transporter

AMP:

adenosine monophosphate

AMT:

ammonium transporter

AphVIII:

gene encoding a protein that confers resistance to paromomycin

APK:

adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate kinase

APR :

adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate reductase

APS:

adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate

ARG7 :

gene encoding an enzyme in the pathway for arginine biosynthesis(argininosuccinate lyase)

ARS:

arylsulfatase

ars11:

mutant in a serine threonine kinase associated with control of the responses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to sulfur deprivation

ASL:

gene encoding O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase

ASQD:

2′-O-acyl-sulfoquinovosodiacylglycerol

ATS:

gene encoding ATP sulfurylase

CpDNA:

chloroplast DNA

CpRNA:

chloroplast RNA

CysT:

membrane component of ABC transporter for sulfate

DMS:

dimethylsulfide

DMSP:

dimethyl sulfonio-proprionate

DRA:

chloride/bicarbonate antiporter

ECP:

extracellular polypeptide

EST:

expressed sequence tag

FAR:

regulatory locus involved in the utilization of nitrogen in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Fd:

ferredoxin

FNR:

Fd-NADP-oxidoreductase

GOGAT:

glutamine-2-oxoglutarate amino-transferase

GS:

glutamine synthetase

GSH:

glutathione

HANiT :

high affinity nitrite transporter

HANT:

high affinity nitrate transporter

hf-2:

high fluorescence mutant deficient for sulfolipids

HYDA:

hydrogenase proteins

IMP:

inosine monophosphate

IRL protein:

isoflavone reductase-like protein in maize that has few sulfur amino acids

LANT:

low affinity nitrate transporter

LHC:

light harvesting complex

LHCSR2:

light harvesting complex protein, stress related

LHT:

lysine histidine transporter

LOV domain:

domain that can be involved in sensing light, oxygen and voltage

LPB1:

low phosphate bleaching phenotype

MYB domain:

derived from myeloblastosis and often in regulatory proteins

NAR:

nitrite-nitrate transporter genes

NIA1 :

nitrate reductase gene

NII1:

nitrite reductase gene

NIT :

nitrate assimilation/regulation loci in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

NiR:

nitrite reductase

NR:

nitrate reductase

NRG :

regulatory locus involved in the utilization of nitrogen in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

NRT:

nitrate transporter genes

OAS:

O-acetylserine

OASTL:

O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase

OPH:

O-phosphohomoserine

PAPS:

3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate

PAS domain:

protein domain involved in sensing and protein-protein interaction named from Per (period circadian protein), Arnt (Ah receptor nuclear translocator protein) and Sim (single-minded protein)

PC:

phosphatidylcholine

PE:

phosphatidylethanolamine

PG:

phosphatidylglycerol

PHO2:

phosphate regulatory E2 ubiquitin conjugase

PHOX:

protein associated with extracellular phosphatase activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Volvox carteri

PHR1:

involved in phosphorus deprivation responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

Pi:

inorganic phosphate

Pi:

phosphatidylinositol

PNP:

polynucleotide Phosphate

PNPase:

polynucleotide phosphorylase

PQ:

plastoquinone pool

PTA:

phosphate transporter, type A class

PTB:

phosphate transporter, type B class

QA and QB:

primary and secondary acceptors of photosystem II, respectively

RH:

rhesus protein

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

PSR1:

regulator in Chlamydomonase reinhardtii associated with phosphate stress response

RuBP:

ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

SABC:

nucleotide binding protein of ABC type transporter

SAC1:

transporter-like proteins associated with control of the responses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to sulfur deprivation

sac1:

mutant in the gene encoding SAC1

SAC3/SNRK2.2:

serine threonine kinase associated with control of the responses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to sulfur deprivation

sac3:

mutant in the gene encoding SAC3

SAM:

S-adenosylmethionine

SAT:

serine acetyltransferase

SBDP:

selenenium binding protein

SBP:

substrate binding protein of ABC type transporter

SERAT :

gene encoding serine acetyltransferase

SGTE3:

ubiquitiin ligase similar to Skp1-Cullin-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligases

SIR:

sulfite reductase

SIZ1:

sap interacting zinc finger protein which is plant SUMO E3 ligase

SLC26:

family of anion transporters that include the sulfate transporters

SLT:

sulfate transporter (animal type)

SNRK:

SNF-related kinase

SpoIIAA:

antisigma factor antagonist in Bacillus subitilis with similarity to STAS domain

SQD1:

UDP-sulfoquinovose synthase

sqd1 :

mutant in the gene encoding SQD1

SQDG:

sulfoquinovosodiacylglycerol

STAS:

domain found attached to certain anion transporters such as the sulfate transporter that has homology to an antisigma factor antagonist in Bacillus subtilis; sulfate transporter and sigma factor domain

Sul:

sulfate transporter in yeast

SULP:

component of chloroplast sulfate transporter in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

SULTR:

sulfate transporters (plant type)

SUMO:

small ubiquitin-like modifier

TMD:

trans-membrane domain

Trk:

domain of unknown function found associated with some transporters

UDP:

uridine diphosphate

VTC:

vacuolar transport chaperone

X-SO 2−4 :

5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl sulfate

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Acknowledgements

Some of this work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture grant 2002-35301-12178 and National Science Foundation grants MCB 0235878 and MCB 0824469, all awarded to A.R.G. David Gonzalez Ballester was supported by the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Spain).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    Arthur R. Grossman, David Gonzalez-Ballester, Nakako Shibagaki, Wirulda Pootakham & Jeffrey Moseley

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    Wirulda Pootakham

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  1. Arthur R. Grossman
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  2. David Gonzalez-Ballester
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  3. Nakako Shibagaki
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  4. Wirulda Pootakham
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  5. Jeffrey Moseley
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Correspondence to Arthur R. Grossman .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Ashwani Pareek

  2. School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India

    S.K. Sopory

  3. Dept. Plant Biology, University of Illinois, W. Gregory Drive 1201, Urbana, 61801, U.S.A.

    Hans J. Bohnert

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Grossman, A.R., Gonzalez-Ballester, D., Shibagaki, N., Pootakham, W., Moseley, J. (2009). Responses to Macronutrient Deprivation. In: Pareek, A., Sopory, S., Bohnert, H. (eds) Abiotic Stress Adaptation in Plants. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3112-9_15

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