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Lipids in Photosynthesis pp 203–242Cite as

Lipids in the Structure of Photosystem I, Photosystem II and the Cytochrome b 6 f Complex

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Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 30))

Summary

This chapter describes the data accumulated in the last decade regarding the specific function of lipids in oxygenic photosynthesis, based on crystal structures of at least 3.0 Å resolution of the main photosynthetic membrane protein—pigment complexes, photosystem I, photosystem II and cytochrome b 6 f. Comparisons with other structures of membrane protein complexes like the bacterial reaction center and the external antenna system from the plant light harvesting complexes II reveal the functional versatility of integral lipids. A detailed structural description of the membrane protein complexes pinpoints the various interactions of integral lipids between protein and pigments (e.g., chlorophylls, carotenoids, quinones) and gives a deep insight into their functional roles. A particular focus in this chapter is on the lipid-filled plastoquinone exchange cavities in photosystem II and cytochrome b 6 f. The differences in extent and lipophilic character of these cavities will be discussed in the light of the resulting plastoqui-none/plastoquinol exchange mechanism. An exceptional feature of PS II is the water splitting reaction enabled by the Mn4Ca cluster. This results in the release of protons to the lumenal aqueous phase, release of electrons to a chain of acceptors, which provides metabolically available reduction equivalents, and release of dioxygen to the atmosphere. The high content of lipids in the interior of photosystem II will be correlated with possible diffusion pathways of the dioxygen and the turnover of the D1 protein, necessary to counteract the photodamage occurring within photosystem II. More structural details of integral lipids derived from higher resolution data from these remarkable membrane protein complexes in combination with data from mutant and/or spectroscopic studies will lead to extended functional insights in the future.

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Abbreviations

Car:

β-carotene

CL:

Cardiolipin

Chl:

Chlorophyll

DGDG:

Digalactosyldiacylglycerol

DOPC:

Dioleylphosphatidylcholin

GGDG:

Glucosylgalactos-yldiacylglycerol

ISP:

Rieske iron-sulfur protein

LHCII:

Light harvesting complex II

MGDG:

Monogalactos-yldiacylglcyerol

β-DM:

n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside

BNG:

n-nonyl-β-D-glucoside

UMQ:

n-undecyl-β-D-maltopyra-noside

Pheo:

Pheophytin

PC:

Phosphatidylcholine

PE:

Phosphatidylethanolamine

PG:

Phosphatidylglycerol

PS I:

Photosystem I

PS II:

Photosystem II

QK :

Phylloqui-none

PQH2 :

Plastoquinol 9

PQ:

Plastoquinone 9

PBRC:

Purple bacterial reaction center

RC:

Reaction center

SQDG:

Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol

TMH:

Trans-membrane α-helix

TDS:

Tridecylstigmatelin

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Acknowledgments

The structural studies of cyanobacterial PS I and PS II were only possible due to the long term funding provided by the Deutsche Forschungs Gemeinschaft in the frame of the SFBs 312 and 498. We wish to thank J. Biesiadka, M. Broser, D. DiFiore, P. Fromme, A. Gabdulkhakov, K. D. Irrgang, P. Jordan, O. Klukas, B. Loll, C. Lüneberg, P. Orth, W. Saenger and W.-D. Schubert who are all former or current colleagues involved in these projects. In addition we wish to commemorate the enthusiastic involvement of H.T. Witt in these projects in earlier years.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Chemie/Max Volmer Laboratorium für Biophysikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17, Juni 135, Berlin, D-10623, Germany

    Jan Kern & Athina Zouni

  2. Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Kristallographie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, Berlin, D-14195, Germany

    Albert Guskov

  3. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK

    Norbert Krauß

  4. Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    Jan Kern

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  1. Jan Kern
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  2. Athina Zouni
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  4. Norbert Krauß
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Correspondence to Jan Kern .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science, University of Tokyo, Japan

    Hajime Wada

  2. National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan

    Norio Murata

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Kern, J., Zouni, A., Guskov, A., Krauß, N. (2009). Lipids in the Structure of Photosystem I, Photosystem II and the Cytochrome b 6 f Complex. In: Wada, H., Murata, N. (eds) Lipids in Photosynthesis. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 30. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2863-1_10

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