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Cell Dynamics in Early Embryogenesis and Pluripotent Embryonic Cell Lines: From Sea Urchin to Mammals

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Stem Cells in Marine Organisms

Abstract

From oogenesis through fertilization and gastrulation, embryos use various mechanisms to regulate cell expansion, keeping a strict balance between cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell death. While rapid divisions are necessary at the initial stage to ensure early embryo survival, further developmental transitions are marked by changes in cell cycle and transcriptional regulation. Pluripotency and capability of self-renewal are maintained in a low percentage of cells, the embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which will be later used as a cellular source for tissue replacement. Clearly, some essential characteristics of cell cycle and transcriptional regulation of the early embryo will be conserved in ESC lines. We addressed here the peculiarities of these developmental programs in early embryos and pluripotent embryonic cell lines, considering examples from marine invertebrates to mammals. Finally, we discussed the importance of transcription regulation and chromatin remodelling and their peculiar features in embryonic cells from these species.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. H. Escriva and C. Iribarren for helpful discussions and suggestions. This work was partially supported by grants from: Ligue contre le cancer (France), Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC); Italian Health Ministry and Ministry for the Instruction, University and Research (PRIN).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, CNRS, UMR 7628, BP44, Avenue du Fontaulé, F-66651, Banyuls-sur-mer, France

    Anne-Marie Genevière & Antoine Aze

  2. The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health, Sciences Mall, V6T 1Z3, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Yasmine Even

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile

    Maria Imschenetzky

  4. Department of Histology & Medical Embryology, Università “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy

    Clara Nervi

  5. Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Roma, Italy

    Luigi Vitelli

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  1. Anne-Marie Genevière
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  2. Antoine Aze
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  3. Yasmine Even
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  4. Maria Imschenetzky
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  5. Clara Nervi
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  6. Luigi Vitelli
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Correspondence to Anne-Marie Genevière .

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  1. Limnological Research, Israel Oceanographic & , Haifa, 31 080, Israel

    Baruch Rinkevich

  2. Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia, CNR Palermo, Via La Malfa 153, Palermo, 90146, Italy

    Valeria Matranga

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Genevière, AM., Aze, A., Even, Y., Imschenetzky, M., Nervi, C., Vitelli, L. (2009). Cell Dynamics in Early Embryogenesis and Pluripotent Embryonic Cell Lines: From Sea Urchin to Mammals. In: Rinkevich, B., Matranga, V. (eds) Stem Cells in Marine Organisms. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2767-2_9

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