Abstract
Nanoparticles are ubiquitous: in the vacuum of space where they are visible through their spectral signatures,1 and also on earth where they are present in the atmosphere as aerosols, in fresh waters where they occur as humic substances causing the brown colour in bog water and as clay particles from erosion of rocks, and in the sea where they can be precipitated from silicate and calcium-based solutions. Nanoparticles have found numerous industrial applications; in pigments, cements and coatings; they can also be used as functional additives giving optical or electronic effects, as reinforcing agents and also to control the stiffness of soft solids.2 There is much known about material at the nanoscale.
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Kendall, K., Kendall, M., Rehfeldt, F. (2010). Adhesion of Nanoparticles. In: Adhesion of Cells, Viruses and Nanoparticles. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2585-2_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2585-2_8
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