Lower-middle atmosphere interactions include upward transport of water and trace gases into the tropical stratosphere and the downward transport of ozone into the extratropical troposphere. This chapter presents results from a recent chemistry-climate model (CCM) that comprehensively describes chemistry and transport processes from the surface to the mesosphere. The role of dynamical stratosphere—troposphere interactions is illustrated by simulations of the unusual stratospheric vortex split in September 2002. The model is used to study dehydration of air during transport through the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and explain the seasonal variability of stratospheric dryness as observed in the “tape recorder” signal. Dehydration is caused by the sedimentation of ice crystals from TTL cirrus forming in the cold regions above cumulonimbus anvils. Further, the stratosphere—troposphere exchange (STE) of ozone is considered important in the ozone budget of the troposphere. In fact, STE of ozone played a stabilizing role in the oxidation capacity of the pre-industrial troposphere. However, its significance decreased due to the global prevalence of photochemical ozone formation caused by anthropogenic emissions.
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Lelieveld, J. (2009). Stratosphere—Troposphere Interactions in a Chemistry-Climate Model. In: Zerefos, C., Contopoulos, G., Skalkeas, G. (eds) Twenty Years of Ozone Decline. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2469-5_24
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