Abstract
Women addicted to cocaine often continue drug use through pregnancy, despite risks to the fetuses they are carrying. Primate studies have shown that intrauterine cocaine exposure (during a period corresponding to the second trimester in humans) results in a decrease in the number of neurons in the cerebral cortex and disorganization of the normal laminar structure of the cortex [56, 57]. Even brief exposure at a particularly vulnerable time in brain development may have lasting deleterious effects of greater magnitude than greater exposures at other times [58]. Moreover, the postnatal age at which the effects of cocaine are measured, whether in humans or animals, may show evolving outcomes [59]. In humans, the attribution of outcomes to drug effect is complicated by the observation that the circumstances under which children have been raised subsequent to cocaine exposure affect their behavior [60].
Keywords
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Cocaine Abuse
- Cocaine Dependence
- Cocaine Exposure
- Childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Lidow MS, Song ZM. Primates exposed to cocaine in utero display reduced density and number of cerebral cortical neurons. J Comp Neurol. 2001;435:263–75.
Lidow MS, Song ZM. Effect of cocaine on cell proliferation in the cerebral wall of monkey fetuses. Cereb Cortex. 2001;11:545–51.
Kosofsky BE, Hyman SE. No time for complacency: the fetal brain on drugs. J Comp Neurol. 2001;435:259–62.
Smith LM, Qwesbi N, Renslo R, Sinow RM. Prenatal cocaine exposure and cranial sonographic findings in preterm infants. J Clin Ultrasound. 2001;29:72–7.
Frank DA, Augustyn M, Knight WG, Pell T, Zuckerman B. Growth, development, and behavior in early childhood following prenatal cocaine exposure: a systematic review. JAMA. 2001;285:1613–25.
Rawson RA, Mc Cann MJ, Hasson AJ, Ling W. Addiction pharmacotherapy 2000: new options, new challenges. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2000;321:371–8.
Carrera MRA, Ashley JA, Wirsching P, Koob GF, Janda KD. A second generation vaccine protects against the psychoactive effects of cocaine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:1988–91.
Matsushita M, Hoffman TZ, Ashley JA, Zhou B, Wirsching P, Janda KD. Cocaine catalytic antibodies: the primary importance of linker effects. Bioorg Medi Chem Lett. 2001;11:87–90.
Hayashi T, Su TP. Regulating ankyrin dynamics: roles of sigma 1 receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:491–6.
Schneider-Helmert D, Spinweber CL. Evaluation of L-tryptophan for treatment of insomnia: a review. Psychopharmacology. 1986;89:1–7.
Hartmann E. Effects of L-tryptophan on sleepiness and on sleep. J Psychiatr Res. 1982;17:107–13.
Lam RW, Levitan RD, Tam EM, Yatham LN, Lamoureux S, Zis AP. L-tryptophan augmentation of light therapy in patients with seasonal affective disorder. Can J Psychiatr. 1997;42:302–6.
Levitan RD, Shen JH, Jindal R, Driver HS, Kennedy SH, Shapiro CM. Preliminary randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of tryptophan combined with fluoxetine to treat major depressive disorder: antidepressant and hypnotic effects. J Psychiatr Nuerosci. 2000;25:337–46.
Meyers S. Use of neurotransmitter precursors for treatment of depression. Alternat Med Rev. 2000;5:64–71.
Turner EH, Loftis JM, Blackwell AD. Serotonin a la carte: supplementation with the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan. Pharmacol Ther. 2006;109:325–38.
Chinevere TD, Sawyer RD, Creer AR, Conlee RK, Parcell AC. Effects of L-tyrosine and carbohydrate ingestion on endurance exercise performance. J Appl Physiol. 2002;93:1590–7.
StrŸder HK, Hollmann W, Platen P, Donike M, Gotzmann A, Weber K. Influence of paroxetine, branched-chain amino acids and tyrosine on neuroendocrine system responses and fatigue in humans. Horm Metab Res. 1998;30:188–94.
Thomas JR, Lockwood PA, Singh A, Deuster PA. Tyrosine improves working memory in a multitasking environment. Biochem Behav. 1999;64:495–500.
Deijen JB, Orlebeke JF. Effect of tyrosine on cognitive function and blood pressure under stress. Brain Res Bull. 1994;33:319–23.
Oliveto AH, Feingold A, Schottenfeld R, Jatlow P, Kosten TR. Desipramine in opioid-dependent cocaine abusers maintained on buprenorphine vs methadone. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:812–20.
Sherer MA, Kumor KM, Jaffe JH. Effects of intravenous cocaine are partially attenuated by haloperidol. Psychiatry Res. 1989;27:117–35.
Schneier FR, Siris SG. A review of psychoactive substance use and abuse in schizophrenia: patterns of drug choice. J Ner Ment Dis. 1987;175:641–52.
Tennant FS, Sagherian AA. Double blind comparison of amantadine and bromocriptine for ambulatory withdrawal from cocaine dependence. Arch Intern Med. 1987;147:109–12.
Grabowski J, Schmitz J, Roache JD, Rhoades H, Elk R, Creson DL, editors. Methylphenidate (MP) for initial treatment of cocaine dependence and a model for medication evaluation. Problems of Drug Dependence Proceedings of the 55th Annual Scientific Meeting, The College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc; 1993; Washington, DC: NIH Pub. No. 94–3749. Supt. of Docs., US Govt. Print. Off. 1994.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science + Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Freye, E. (2009). Cocaine Use in Pregnancy. In: Pharmacology and Abuse of Cocaine, Amphetamines, Ecstasy and Related Designer Drugs. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2448-0_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2448-0_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-2447-3
Online ISBN: 978-90-481-2448-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)