Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cancer biotherapy: general principles

  • Chapter
Principles of Cancer Biotherapy

The term biotherapy encompasses the therapeutic use of any biological substance, but more specifically, it connotes the use of products of the mammalian genome. With modern techniques of genetic engineering, the mammalian genome represents the new “medicine cabinet.” Biological response modifiers (BRM) are agents and approaches whose mechanisms of action involve the individual's own biological responses. Biologicals and BRM work through diverse mechanisms in the biother-apy of cancer. They may (a) augment the host's defenses through the administration of cells, natural biologicals, or the synthetic derivatives thereof as effectors or mediators (direct or indirect) of an antitumor response; (b) increase the individual's antitumor responses through augmentation or restoration of effector mechanisms, or decrease a component of the host's reaction that is deleterious; (c) augment the individual's responses using modified tumor cells or vaccines to stimulate a greater response, or increase tumor cell sensitivity to an existing bio logical response; (d) decrease transformation and/or increase differentiation or maturation of tumor cells; (e) interfere with growth-promoting factors and angiogenesis inducing factors produced by tumor cells; (f) decrease or arrest the tendency of tumor cells to metastasize to other sites; (g) increase the ability of the patient to tolerate damage by cytotoxic modalities of cancer treatment; and/or (h) use biological molecules to target and bind to cancer cells and induce more effective cytostatic or cytocidial antitumor activity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Abrams P, Oldham RK. Monoclonal antibody therapy of solid tumors. In: Foon KA, Morgan AC, Jr., eds. Monoclonal antibody therapy of human cancer. The Hague: Martinus Nijihoff, 1985; 103–120.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Abrams PG, Morgan AC, Schroff RW, et al. Monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy: Drug-antibody conjugates. In: Reisfeld RA, Sell S, eds. Localization and biodistribution studies of a monoclonal antibody in patients with melanoma. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1985; 27:233–236.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Avner BP, Liao SK, Avner B, et al. Therapeutic murine monoclonal antibodies developed for individual cancer patients. J Biol Response Modif 1989; 8(1):25–36.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Baldwin, RW. Relevant animal models for immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1976; 1:97–206.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Balkwill FR, Burke F. The cytokine network. Immunol Today 1989; 10(9):29–304.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Balkwill FR, Lee A, Aldam G, et al. Human tumor xenografts treated with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alone or in combination with interferons. Cancer Res 1986; 46:3990–3993.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bernhard MI, Foon KA, Oeltmann TN, et al. Guinea pig line 10 hepatocarcinoma model: characterization of monoclonal antibody and in vivo effect of unconjugated antibody and antibody conjugated to diphtheria toxin A chain. Cancer Res 1983; 43:4420–4428.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Bollon AP, Barron EA, Berent SL, et al. Recombinant DNA techniques: Isolation, cloning and expression of genes. In: Bollon A P, ed. Recombinant DNA products: Insulin interferon and growth hormone. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1984; 1–35.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bonnem EM, Spregel RJ. Interferon-alpha: Current status and future promise. J Biol Response Modif 1984; 3:580.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Boss BD, Langman R, Trowbridge I, Dulbecco R, eds. Monoclonal antibodies and cancer. New York: Academic Press, 1983; 1–200.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Boyd MR. Status of the NCI preclinical antitumor drug discovery screen. Prin Pract Oncol Suppl 1989; 3(10):1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bunn PA, Foon KA, Ihde DC, et al. Recombinant leukocyte A interferon: An active agent in advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Ann Intern Med 1984; 101:484–487.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Carrasquillo JA, Bunn PA, Jr., Kennan AM, et al. Radioimmunodetection of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with 111In-T101 monoclonal antibody. New Engl J Med 1986; 315:673–680.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Carrasquillo JA, Abrams PG, Schroff R, et al. Effect of antibody dose on the imaging and biodistribution of indium-111 9.2.27 anti-melanoma monoclonal antibody. J Nucl Med 1988; January, 29(1):39–47.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Cheever MA, Greenberg PD, Fefer A, Gillis S. Augmentation of the antitumor therapeutic efficacy of long-term cultured T lymphocytes by in vivo administration of purified interleukin-2. J Exp Med 1982; 155:968–980.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Cheever MA, Greenberg PD, Fefer A. Potential for specific cancer therapy with immune T lymphocytes. J Biol Response Modif 1984; 3:113–127.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Cumberlin R, DeMoss E, Lassus M, Friedman M. Isolation perfusion for malignant melanoma of the extremity: A review. J Clin Oncol 1985; 3:1022–1031.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. DeVita VT. Progress in cancer management: Keynote address. Cancer 1983; 51:2401–2409.

    Google Scholar 

  19. DeVita VT. The relationship between tumor mass and resistance to chemotherapy: Implication for surgical adjuvant treatment of cancer. Cancer 1983; 51:1209–1220.

    Google Scholar 

  20. DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds. Important advances in oncology 1989. New York: J.B. Lippincott, 1995; 1–118.

    Google Scholar 

  21. DeVita VT, Jr., Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds. In: Biologic therapy of cancer, second edition. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J.B. Lippincott, 1995; 295–327.

    Google Scholar 

  22. DeVita VT, Jr., Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds. In: Biologic therapy of cancer, second edition. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J.B. Lippincott, 1995; 329–345.

    Google Scholar 

  23. DeVita VT, Jr., Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds. In: Biologic therapy of cancer, second edition. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J.B. Lippincott, 1995; 427–433.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Devos R, Cheroutre H, Taya Y, et al. Molecular cloning of human immune interferon cDNA and its expression in eukaryotic cells. Nucl Acids Res 1982; 10:2487–2501.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Dillman RO, Beauregard JC, Mendelsohn J, et al. Phase I trials of thymosin fraction 5 and thymosin alpha-1. J Biol Response Modif 1982; 1:35–41.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Dudley ME, Wunderlich JR, Yang JC, et al. Adoptive cell transfer therapy following non-ablative but lymphodepleting chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with refractory metastatic melanoma. J Clin Onc 2005; 23:2346–2357.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Eberlein TJ, Rosenstein M, Spiess P, et al. Adoptive chemoimmu-notherapy of a synergeneic murine lymphoma with long-term lym-phoid cell lines expanded in T-cell growth factor. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1982; 13:5–13.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Eggermont AM, Schraffordt Koops H, Klausner JM, et al. Isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor and for limb salvage in 186 patients with locally advanced extremity sarcomas. The cumulative multicenter Euro experience. Ann Surg Dec, 1996; v.224(6).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Emery AEH. Recombinant DNA technology. Lancet 1981; 2:1406–1409.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Evans CH, Lymphotoxin: An immunologic hormone with anticar-cinogenic and antitumor activity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1982; 12:181–190.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Feinberg B, Kurzrock R, Talpaz M, et al. A phase I trial of intravenously-administered recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 1988; 6:1328–1334.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Fidler IJ, Gersten DM, Hart IR. The biology of cancer invasion and metastasis. Adv Cancer Res 1978; 28:149–250.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Fidler IJ, Berendt M, Oldham RK. The rationale for and design of screening assays for the assessment of biological response modi-fiers for cancer treatment. J Biol Response Modif 1982; 1:15–26.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Foon KA, Bernhard MI, Oldham RK. Monoclonal antibody therapy: Assessment by animal tumor models. J Biol Response Modif 1982; 1:277–304.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Foon KA, Schroff R, Bunn PA, et al. Effects of monoclonal antibody therapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1984; 64:1085–1093.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Foon KA, Sherwin SA, Abrams PG, et al. Treatment of advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with recombinant leukocyte A interferon. N Engl J Med 1984; 311:1148–1152.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Gamm H, Lindemann A, Mertelsmann R, Herrmann F. Phase I trial of recombinant human tumour necrosis factor α in patients with advanced malignancy. Eur J Cancer 1991; 27:856–863.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Giantonio BJ, Catalano PJ, Meropol NJ, et al. Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil and leucovorin (FLOFOX4) for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: Results from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E3200. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:1539–1544.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Goeddel DV, Yelverton E, Ullrich A, et al. Human leucocyte interferon produce by E. coli is biologically active. Nature 1980; 287:411–416.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Goldstein AL, Chirigos MA, eds. Lymphokines and thymic hormones; their potential utilization in cancer therapeutics. Progress in cancer research and therapy, vol. 20. New York: Raven Press, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Goldstein AL, Chirigos MA. In: Progress in cancer research and therapy, vol. 20. New York: Raven Press, 1982; 1–324.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Gray PSW, Leung DW, Pennica D, et al. Expression of human immune interferon cDNA in E. coli and monkey cells. Nature 1982; 295:503–508.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Grem JL, Hoth D, Hamilton MJ, et al. An overview of the current status and future direction of clinical trials of 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid. Cancer Treat Rep 1987; 71:1249–1264.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Grem JL, McAtee N, Murphy RF, et al. A pilot study of interferon alfa-2a in combination with fluorouracil plus high-dose leucovorin in metastatic gastrointestinal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 1991; 9:1811–1820.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Hanna MG, Key ME, Oldham RK. Biology of cancer therapy: Some new insights into adjuvant treatment of metastatic solid tumors. J Biol Response Modif 1983; 4:295–309.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Hanna MG, Jr., Brandhorst JS, Peters LC. Active specific immuno-therapy of residual micrometastasis: An evaluation of sources, doses and ratios of BCG with tumor cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1979; 7:165–174.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Hanna MG, Jr., Key ME. Immunotherapy of metastases enhances subsequent chemotherapy. Science 1982; 217:367–370.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Haranaka K. Macrophage Symposium 1987, Tumor Necrosis Factor. Japan, January 5–8, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W, et al. Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:2335–2342.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Hwang KM, Foon KA, Cheung PH, et al. Selective antitumor effect on L-10 hepatocarcinoma cella of a potent immunoconjugate composed of the A chain of abrin and a monoclonal antibody to a hepatoma-associated antigen. Cancer res 1984; 44:4578–4586.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Hwang KM, Keenan AM, Frincke J, et al. Dynamic interaction of 111 indium-labeled monoclonal antibodies with surface of solid tumors visualized in vivo by external scintigraphy. J Natl Cancer Inst 1986; 76:849–855.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Kavvinaran FF, Hambleton J, Mass RD, et al. Combined analysis of efficacy: The addition of bevacizumab to fluorouracil/leucovorin improves survival for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:3706–3712.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Kahn JO, Kaplan LD, Volberding PA, et al. Intralesional recombinant tumor necrosis factor-α for AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. A randomized, double-blind trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1989; 2:217–223.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Kallman RF, ed. Rodent tumor models in experimental cancer therapy. New York: Pergamon Press, 1987; 1–310.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Key ME, Bernhard MI, Hoyer LC, et al. Guinea pig 10 hepatocar-cinoma model for monoclonal antibody serotherapy: In vivo localization of a monoclonal antibody in normal and malignant tissues. J Immunol 1983; 139:1451–1457.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Key ME, Brandhorst JS, Hanna MC, Jr. Synergistic effects of active specific immunotherapy and chemotherapy in guinea pigs with disseminated cancer. J Immunol 1983; 130:2987–2992.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Kirkwood JM, Ernstoff MS. Interferon in the treatment of human cancer. J Clin Oncol 1984; 2:336–352.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Liao SK, Meranda C, Avner BP, et al. Immunohistochemical phe-notyping of human solid tumors with monoclonal antibodies in devising biotherapeutic strategies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1989; 28:77–86.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Lienard D, Ewalenko P, Delmitti JJ, et al. High-dose recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha in combination with interferon gamma and melphalan in isolation perfusion of the limbs for melanoma and sarcoma. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10:52–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Mavligit GM, Zukiwski AA, Charnsargavej C. Regional biologic therapy: Hepatic arterial infusion of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor in patients with liver metastases. Cancer 1992; 69:557–561.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. McCormick DL, Adamowski CB, Fiks A, Moon RC. Lifetime dose-response relationships for mammary tumor induction by a single administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Cancer Res 1981; 41:1690–1694.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Ogden JR, Leung K, Kundra SA, et al. Immunoconjugates of dox-orubicin and murine antihuman breast carcinoma monoclonal antibodies prepared via an n-hydroxysuccinimide active ester intermediate of cis-aconityl-doxorubicin: Preparation and in vitro cytotoxicity. Mol Biother 1989; 1(3):170–174.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Oldham, RK. Monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol 1983; 1:582–590.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Oldham RK. Biologicals: New horizons in pharmaceutical development. J Biol Response Modif 1983; 2:199–206.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Oldham RK. Biologicals and biological response modifiers: New strategies for clinical trials. In: Finter NB, Oldham RK, eds. Interferons IV. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1985; 235–249.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Oldham RK. Interferon: A model for future biological. In: Burke D, Cantell K, Gresser I, DeMaeyer E, Landy M, Revel M, Vilcek J, eds. Interferon VI. New York: Academic Press, 1985; 127–143.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Oldham RK. In vivo effects of interleukin 2. J Biol Response Modif 1984; 3:455–532.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Oldham RK. Biologicals and biological response modifiers: The fourth modality of cancer treatment. Cancer Treatment Rep 1984; 68:221–232.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Oldham RK. Biologicals for cancer treatment: Interferons. Hospital Pract 1985; 20:72–91.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Oldham RK. Biotherapy: The fourth modality of cancer treatment. J Cell Physiol Suppl 1986; 4:91–99.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Oldham RK, Smalley RV. Immunotherapy: The old and the new. J Biol Response Modif 1983; 2:1–37.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Oldham RK, Smalley RV. The role of interferon in the treatment of cancer. In: Zoon KC, Noguchi PC, Lui T-Y, eds. Interferon: Research, clinical application and regulatory consideration. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1984; 191–205.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Oldham RK, Smalley RV. Biological and biological response modifiers. In: DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds. Cancer: Principles and practice of oncology. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J.B. Lippincott, 1985; 2223–2245.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Oldham RK, Thurman GB, Talmadge JE, et al. Lymphokines, monoclonal antibodies and other biological response modifiers in the treatment of cancer. Cancer 1984; 54:2795–2810.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Oldham RK, Foon KA, Morgan AC, et al. Monoclonal antibody therapy of malignant melanoma: In vivo localization in cutaneous metastasis after intravenous administration. J Clin Oncol 1984; 2:1235–1242.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Oldham RK. Perspectives on the use of immunotoxins in clinical medicine. In: Vogel C-W, ed. Immunoconjugates: Antibody conjugates in radioimaging and therapy of cancer. New York, Oxford University Press. 1987; 281–289.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Oldham RK. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies: Effects of tumor cell heterogeneity. In: Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies: Effects of tumor cell heterogeneity. S. Karger Ag. Cancer Treatment Symposium (Germany), 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Oldham RK, Lewis M, Orr DW, et al. Adriamycin custom-tailored immunoconjugates in the treatment of human malignancies. Mol Biother 1988; 1(2):103–113.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Oldham RK, Lewis M, Orr DW, et al. Individually specified drug immunoconjugates in cancer treatment. In: Ceriani RL, ed. Breast cancer immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy. New York: Plenum Publishing 1990; 219–230.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Oldham RK. Gene therapy and cancer: Is it for everyone? Cancer Investigation 1992; 10(6):607–609.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Oldham RK. Cancer biotherapy: 1993 to the millennium and more! Cancer Biother 1993; 8(1):1–2.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Oldham RK. Cancer biotherapy: The first year. Cancer Biother 1994; 9(3):179–181.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Oldham RK, Lewko W, Good R, et al. Growth of tumor derived activated T-cells for the treatment of cancer. Cancer Biother 1994; 9(3):211–224.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Oldham RK, Dillman RO. JCO 2008; 26(11):1774–1777.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Lewko WM, Hall PB, Oldham RK. Growth of tumor- dervice activated T cells for the treatment of advanced cancer. Can Bio and Radio 2000; 15(4):357–366.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Oppenheim JJ, Stadler BM, Siraganian RP, et al. Lymphokines: Their role in lymphocyte responses properties of interleukin 1. Fed Proc 1982; 41:257–262.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Orr DW, Oldham RK, Lewis M, et al. Phase I trial of mitomycin-c immunoconjugate cocktails in human malignancies. Mol Biother 1989; 1(4):229–240.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Palladino MA, Shalaby MR, Kramer SM, et al. Characterization of the antitumor activities of human tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and the comparison with other cytokines: Induction of tumor specific immunity. J Immunol 1987; 138:4023–4032.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Paranasivam G, Pearson JW, Bohn W, et al. Immunotoxins of a human melanoma-associated antigen: Comparison of gelonin with ricin and other a-chain conjugates. Cancer Res 1987; 47:3169–3173.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Pfreundschuh MG, Steinmetz HT, Tuschen R, et al. Phase I study of intratumoral application of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1989; 25:379–388.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Regenass U, Muller M, Curschellas E, Matter A. Anti-tumor effects of tumor necrosis factor in combination with chemothera-peutic agents. Int J Cancer 1987; 39:266–273.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Rosenau W. Lymphotoxin: Properties, role and mode of action. Int J Immunopharm 1981; 3:1–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Rosenberg SA, Lotze MT, Muul LM, et al. Observations on the systemic administration of autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 to patients with metastatic cancer. N Engl J Med 1985; 313:1485–1492.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Rosenberg SA. Principles and practices of the biologic therapy of cancer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J.B. Lippincott, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Schiller JH, Witt PL, Storer B, et al. Clinical and biologic effects of combination therapy with gamma-interferon and tumor necrosis factor. Cancer 1992; 69:562–571.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Sherwin SA, Knost JA, Fein S, et al. A multiple dose Phase I trial of recombinant leukocyte A interferon in cancer patients. J Am Med Assoc 1982; 248:2461–2466.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Smalley RV, Long CW, Sherwin SA, Oldham RK. Biological response modifiers: Current status and prospects as anticancer agents. In: Herberman RB, ed. Basic and clinical tumor immunology. The Hague: Martinus Hijhoff, 1983; 257–300.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Smalley RV, Oldham RK. Biological response modifiers: Preclinical evaluation and clinical activity. CRC Crit Rev Oncol/ Hematol 1984; 1:259–280.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Smalley RV, Talmadge JA, Oldham RK, Thurman GB. The thy-mosins: Preclinical and clinical studies with fraction V and alpha-1. Cancer Treatment Rev 1984; 11:69–84.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Smith JW, Urba WJ, Clark JW, et al. Phase I evaluation of recombinant tumor necrosis factor given in combination with recombinant interferon-gamma. J Immunother 1991; 10:355–362.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Spriggs DR, Sherman ML, Michie H, et al. Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor administered as a 24-hour intravenous infusion. A Phase I and Pharmacologic Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1988; 80:1039–1044.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Stevenson HC, Ochs JJ, Halverson L, et al. Recombinant alpha interferon in retreatment of two patients with pulmonary lymphoma, dramatic responses with resolution of pulmonary complications. Am J Med 1984; 77:355–358.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Stevenson HC, eds. Adoptive cellular immunotherapy of cancer. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1989; 1–236.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Stringfellow DA, Smalley RV. Interferon inducers for clinical use. In: Finter N, Oldham RK, eds. In vivo application of interferons. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Talmadge JE, Maluish AE, Collins M, et al. Immuno modulation and antitumor effects of MVE-2 in mice. J Biol Response Modif 1984; 3:634–652.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Taniguchi T, Mantei N, Schwarzstein M, et al. Human leukocyte and fibroblast interferons are structurally related. Nature 1980; 285:2848–2852.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Tanguichi T, Matsui H, Fujita T, et al. Structure and expression of cloned cDNA for human interleukin-2. Nature 1983; 302:305–310.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Taguchi T. Phase I study of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rHu-TNF:PT-050). Cancer Detect Prev 1988; 12:561–572.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Terry MD, Rosenberg SA, eds. Immunotherapy of cancer. New York: Excerpta Medica, 1982; 1–398.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Wadler S, Lembersky B, Atkins M, et al. Phase II trial of fluo-rouracil and recombinant interferon alfa-2a in patients with colorectal carcinoma: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 1991; 9:1806–1810.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Weissman C, Nagata S, Boll W, et al. Structure and expression of human alpha interferon genes. In: Miwa M, et al., eds. Primary and tertiary structure of nucleic acids and cancer research. Tokyo: Japan Science Society Press, 1982; 1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  112. West WH, Tauer KW, Yannelli JR, et al. Constant infusion recombinant interleukin-2 in adoptive immunotherapy of advanced cancer. N Engl J Med 1987; 316(15):898–905.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hematology-Oncology Associates of Southeast Missouri Hospital, Southeast Medical Plaza, Cape Girardeau, MO, USA

    Robert K. Oldham

Authors
  1. Robert K. Oldham
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Hematology-Oncology Associates of Southeast Missouri Hospital, Southeast Medical Plaza, Cape Girardeau, MO, USA

    Robert K. Oldham

  2. Hoag Cancer Center, Newport Beach, CA, USA

    Robert O. Dillman

  3. University of California, Irvine, CA, USA

    Robert O. Dillman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Oldham, R.K. (2009). Cancer biotherapy: general principles. In: Oldham, R.K., Dillman, R.O. (eds) Principles of Cancer Biotherapy. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2289-9_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation