Passive LCDs can be divided into two main groups: segmented LCDs and passivematrix LCDs (PMLCDs). The former are today used in monochromatic applications like simple calculators, digital watches and simple instrumentation and climate control equipments. They are not suitable for high-information-content and graphical applications because of their limited resolution. High-performance calculators, organizers, notebooks, portable computers, projectors and LCD-TVs, exploit almost invariantly active-matrix displays. Nonetheless, PMLCDs have still a market in applications that meet the following criteria: simple fabrication process, limited resolution, dimensions and price, 1 or 2 colors, and limited tolerable viewing angle. For instance, they are used in mobile telephones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), word processors, automotive applications, logic analyzers, oscilloscopes, electrocardiographs, etc.
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Cristaldi, D.J., Pennisi, S., Pulvirenti, F. (2009). Passive LCDs and Their Addressing Techniques. In: Liquid Crystal Display Drivers. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2255-4_3
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