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Lymphangiogenesis and Imaging of the Lymphatics in Cancer

  • Chapter
Lymphangiogenesis in Cancer Metastasis

Part of the book series: Cancer Metastasis – Biology and Treatment ((CMBT,volume 13))

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Abstract

Metastatic spread of cancer is one of the major causes of cancer death. The lymphatics contribute to metastatic spread by providing a conduit for the spread of cancer cells. Tumors actively induce new lymphatic formation by deploying growth factors, a process known as lymphangiogenesis. Systemic lymphatic imaging with conventional modalities such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound is limited to morphological evaluation for detection of enlarged lymph nodes; on the other hand, functional lymphatic imaging approaches, including positron emission tomography, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, lymphotrophic iron oxide nanoparticle enhanced-MRI have been used to diagnose metastatic cancer in lymph nodes. Recently, new targeted lymphatic imaging techniques including gadolinium- conjugated dendrimer-based MRI, optical imaging using nano-sized molecules based on fluorescence-labeled dendrimers, organic macromolecules, or quantum dots, have been developed. In this chapter, we will explain principles and basic findings of conventional and functional lymphatic imaging and will outline newly developed targeted lymphatic imaging approaches.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), 20892-1088, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Baris Turkbey, Gregory Ravizzini, Peter L. Choyke & Hisataka Kobayashi

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  1. Baris Turkbey
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  2. Gregory Ravizzini
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Correspondence to Hisataka Kobayashi .

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Turkbey, B., Ravizzini, G., Choyke, P.L., Kobayashi, H. (2009). Lymphangiogenesis and Imaging of the Lymphatics in Cancer. In: Lymphangiogenesis in Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Metastasis – Biology and Treatment, vol 13. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2247-9_7

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