Samenvatting
De afgelopen jaren is er veel aandacht in de media geweest voor de alarmerende toename van alcoholmisbruik bij jongeren. Uit een groot vergelijkend Europees onderzoek bleek bijvoorbeeld dat Nederlandse jongeren tot de koplopers van Europa behoren wat betreft drankmisbruik (Hibell e.a., 2004) en artsen luidden de noodklok over steeds jongere kinderen die met een alcoholvergiftiging bij de eerste hulp terechtkwamen. Tegelijkertijd wordt er steeds meer bekend over de veel grotere (dan algemeen aangenomen) schadelijke effecten van middelengebruik op de ontwikkeling van de hersenen van jongeren: uit dieronderzoek blijkt dat deze effecten veel groter zijn wanneer de middelen toegediend worden tijdens de adolescentie dan tijdens de volwassen leeftijd en er zijn toenemend aanwijzingen dat dit ook geldt voor mensen (Dahl & Spear, 2004). Een van de gevolgen die verslavingsgedrag tijdens de adolescentie heeft is een toegenomen kwetsbaarheid voor verslaving op latere leeftijd.
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Aanbevolen literatuur
Dahl, R.E., & Spear, L.P. (2004). Adolescent brain development. Vulnerabilities and opportunities. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1021. NY: New York Academy of Sciences.
Engels, R.C.M.E., & Bot, S.M. (2005). Social influences on adolescent substance use: insights into how parents and peers affect adolescents smoking and drinking behavior. In D. de Ridder & J. de Wit (Eds.), New perspectives on health behaviour: the role of self-regulation. New York: John Wiley.
Wiers, R.W. (2007). Slaaf van het onbewuste. Over emotie, bewustzijn en verslaving. Amsterdam: Bert Bakker.
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Wiers, R., Engels, R. (2008). 21 Middelenmisbruik en verslaving. In: Prins, P., Braet, C. (eds) Handboek klinische ontwikkelingspsychologie. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-6589-0_21
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