Skip to main content
  • 5851 Accesses

Samenvatting

Angst, piekeren en enge dromen komen veel voor tijdens de kindertijd (Craske, 1997). Bij de meeste kinderen en adolescenten zijn deze verschijnselen niet ernstig: ze zijn van korte duur en gaan vanzelf over. Dit gegeven heeft bij veel kinderpsychologen geleid tot de foutieve conclusie dat angst bij jongeren niet al te serieus hoeft te worden genomen, met als gevolg dat er lange tijd nauwelijks wetenschappelijke aandacht aan dit fenomeen is besteed. Gedurende het laatste decennium is deze opvatting ingrijpend veranderd. Onderzoekers hebben aangetoond dat een substantiële minderheid van de ‘normale’ kinderen en adolescenten dermate angstig is dat ze voldoen aan de diagnostische criteria van een angststoornis (zie Muris, 2006a).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Literatuur

  • American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition–text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakker, F.C., Wieringen, P.C.W., Ploeg, H.M. van der, & Spielberger, C.D. (1989). Handleiding bij de Zelf-Beoordelings-Vragenlijst voor Kinderen (ZBV-K). Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, P.M., Duffy, A.L., Dadds, M.R., & Rapee, R.M. (2001). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders in children: long-term (6-year) follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 135-141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, P.M., Rapee, R.M., Dadds, M.R., & Ryan, S.M. (1996). Family enhancement of cognitive style in anxious and aggressive children: threat bias and the FEAR effect. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 187-203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A.T., & Emery, G. (1985). Anxiety disorders and phobias: a cognitive perspective. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biederman, J., Rosenbaum, J.F., Bolduc-Murphy, E.A., Faraone, S.V., Chaloff, J., Hirshfeld, D.R., & Kagan, J. (1993). A 3-year follow-up of children with and without behavioral inhibition. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 814-821.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birmaher, B., Axelson, D.A., Monk, K., Kalas, C., Clark, D.B., Ehmann, M., Bridge, J., Heo, J., & Brent, D.A. (2003). Fluoxetine for the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 415-423.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birmaher, B., Khetarpal, S., Brent, D., Cully, M., Balach, L., Kaufman, J., & McKenzie Neer, S. (1997). The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): scale construction and psychometric characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 545-553.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boer, F., Markus, M.T., Maingay, R., Lindhout, I.E., Borst, S.R., & Hoogendijk, T.H.G. (2002). Negative life events of anxiety disordered children: bad fortune, vulnerability, or reporter bias? Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 32, 187-199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chorpita, B.F., & Barlow, D.H. (1998). The development of anxiety: the role of control in the early environment. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 3-21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cicchetti, D., & Cohen, D.J. (1995). Perspectives on developmental psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D.J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology, volume 1. Theory and methods (pp. 3-20). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costello, E.J., Egger, H.L., & Angold, A. (2004). Developmental epidemiology of anxiety disorders. In T.H. Ollendick & J.S. March (Eds.), Phobic and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. A clinician’s guide to effective psychosocial and pharmacological interventions (pp. 61-91). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costello, E.J., Mustillo, S., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2003). Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 837-844.

    Google Scholar 

  • Craske, M.G. (1997). Fear and anxiety in children and adolecents. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 61 (Suppl.A), A4-A36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dadds, M.R., Davey, G.C.L., & Field, A.P. (2001). Developmental aspects of conditioning processes in anxiety disorders. In M.W. Vasey & M. Dadds (Eds.), The developmental psychopathology of anxiety (pp. 205-230). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Essau, C.A., Conradt, J., & Petermann, F. (2002). Course and outcome of anxiety disorders in adolescents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 16, 67-81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Field, A.P., Argyrus, N.G., & Knowles, K.A. (2001). Who’s afraid of the big bad wolf? A prospective paradigm to test Rachman’s indirect pathways in children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 1259-1276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerull, F.C., & Rapee, R.M. (2002). Mother knows best: effects of maternal modelling on the acquisition of fear and avoidance behaviour in toddlers. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 279-287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grillon, C., Dierker, L., & Merikangas, K.R. (1997). Startle modulation in children at risk for anxiety disorders and/or alcoholism. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 925-932.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gullone, E. (2000). The development of normal fear: a century of research. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 429-451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayward, C., Killen, J.D., Kraemer, H.C., & Taylor, C.B. (2000). Predictors of panic attacks in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 207-214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jong, P.J. de, Andrea, H., & Muris, P. (1997). Spider phobia in children: disgust and fear before and after treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 559-562.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jong, P.J. de, & Muris, P. (2002). Spider phobia: interaction of disgust and perceived likelihood of involuntary physical contact. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 16, 51-65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kendall, P.C. (1994). Treating anxiety disorders in children: results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 100-110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R.C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K.R., & Walters, E.E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 593-602.

    Google Scholar 

  • Last, C.G., Perrin, S., Hersen, M., & Kazdin, A.E. (1996). A prospective study of childhood anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1502-1510.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lau, J.J., Calamari, J.E., & Waraczynski, M. (1996). Panic attack symptomatology and anxiety sensitivity in adolescents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 10, 355-364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mowrer, P. (1960). Learning theory and behavior. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muris, P. (2004). De rol van temperament bij het ontstaan van psychopathologie bij kinderen (The role of temperament in the etiology of psychopathology in youths). De Psycholoog, 39, 478-484.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muris, P. (2006a). The pathogenesis of childhood anxiety disorders: consideration from a developmental psychopathology perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 30, 5-11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muris, P. (2006b). Unique and interactive effects of neuroticism and effortful control on psychopathological symptoms in non-clinical adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1409-1419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muris, P. (2007). Normal and abnormal fear and anxiety in children and adolescents. What was really wrong with Little Hans? Oxford: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muris, P., Bodden, D., Hale, W., Birmaher, B., & Mayer, B. (2007). SCARED-NL. Vragenlijst over angst en bang-zijn bij kinderen en adolescenten. Amsterdam: Boom.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muris, P., Bodden, D., Merckelbach, H., Ollendick, T.H., & King, N.J. (2003). Fear of the beast: a prospective study on the effects of negative information on childhood fear. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 195-208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muris, P., Luermans, J., Merckelbach, H., & Mayer, B. (2000). “Danger is lurking everywhere”. The relationship between anxiety and threat perception abnormalities in normal children. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 31, 123-136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muris, P., Meesters, C., & Brakel, A. van (2003). Assessment of anxious rearing behaviors with a modified version of the “Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran” (EMBU) questionnaire for Children. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 25, 229-237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Meesters, C., & Brand, K. van den (2002). Cognitive development and worry in normal children. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 775-785.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Wessel, I., & Ven, M. van de (1999). Psychopathological correlates of self-reported behavioural inhibition in normal children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 575-584.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nauta, M.H., Scholing, A., Emmelkamp, P.M.G., & Minderaa, R.B. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for children with anxiety disorders in a clinical setting: no additional effect of a cognitive parent training. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 1270-1278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ollendick, T.H. (1983). Reliability and validity of the Revised Fear Survey Schedule for Children (FSSC-R). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 21, 685-692.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oosterlaan, J., Prins, P.J.M., Hartman, C.A., & Sergeant, J.A. (1995). Handleiding Vragenlijst voor Angst bij Kinderen (VAK). Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prins, P.J.M., & Ollendick, T.H. (2003). Cognitive change and enhanced coping: missing mediational links in cognitive behavior therapy with anxiety-disordered children. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 6, 87-105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rachman, S.J. (1991). Neoconditioning and the classical theory of fear acquisition. Clinical Psychology Review, 11, 155-173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothbart, M.K., Ellis, L.K., & Posner, M.I. (2004). Temperament and self-regulation. In R.F. Baumeister & K.D. Vohs (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation. Research, theory, and applications (pp. 357-370). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, L.A., Fox, N.A., Rubin, K.H., & Sternberg, E.M. (1997). Behavioral and neuroendocrine responses in shy children. Developmental Psychobiology, 30, 127-140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silverman, W.K., & Albano, A.M. (1996). Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV. Child and parent versions. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation/Graywind.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silverman, W.K., & Ollendick, T.H. (2005). Evidence-based assessment of anxiety and its disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 380-411.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siqueland, L., Kendall, P.C., & Steinberg, L. (1996). Anxiety in children: perceived family environments and observed family interaction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 25, 225-237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spence, S.H. (1998). A measure of anxiety symptoms among children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 545-566.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spence, S.H., & Dadds, M.R. (1996). Preventing childhood anxiety disorders. Behaviour Change, 13, 241-249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielberger, C.D. (1973). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson, J., Batten, N., & Cherner, M. (1992). Fears and fearfulness in children and adolescents: a genetic analysis of twin data. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, 977-985

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiet, Q.Q., Bird, H.R., Hoven, C.W., Moore, R., Wu, P., Wicks, J., Jensen, P.S., Goodman, S., & Cohen, P. (2001). Relationship between specific adverse life events and psychiatric disorders. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29, 153-164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasey, M.W., & Dadds, M.R. (2001). An introduction to the developmental psychopathology of anxiety. In M.W. Vasey & M.R. Dadds (Eds.), The developmental psychopathology of anxiety (pp. 3-26). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasey, M.W., Daleiden, E.L., Williams, L.L., & Brown, L.M. (1995). Biased attention in childhood anxiety disorders: a preliminary study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23, 267-279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warren, S.L., Huston, L., Egeland, B., & Sroufe, L.A. (1997). Child and adolescent anxiety disorders and early attachment. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 637-644.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, J.B., & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weems, C.F., Silverman, W.K., Rapee, R.M., & Pina, A.A. (2003). The role of control in childhood anxiety disorders. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 557-568.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westenberg, P.M., Drewes, M.J., Goedhart, A.W., Siebelink, B.M., & Treffers, P.D.A. (2004). A developmental analysis of self-reported fears in late childhood through mid-adolescence: social-evaluative fears on the rise? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 481-495.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westenberg, P.M., Siebelink, B.M., Warmenhoven, N.J.C., & Treffers, P.D.A. (1999). Separation anxiety and overanxious disorders: relations to age and level of psychosocial maturity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 1000-1007.

    Google Scholar 

Aanbevolen literatuur

  • Barrett, P.M., Duffy, A.L., Dadds, M.R., & Rapee, R.M. (2001). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders in children: long-term (6-year) follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 135-141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muris, P. (2006). The pathogenesis of childhood anxiety disorders: consideration from a developmental psychopathology perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 30, 5-11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silverman, W.K., & Ollendick, T.H. (2005). Evidence-based assessment of anxiety and its disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 380-411.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, onderdeel van Springer Uitgeverij

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Muris, P. (2008). 14 Angst en angststoornissen. In: Prins, P., Braet, C. (eds) Handboek klinische ontwikkelingspsychologie. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-6589-0_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-6589-0_14

  • Publisher Name: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-313-5206-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-90-313-6589-0

  • eBook Packages: Dutch language eBook collection

Publish with us

Policies and ethics