Skip to main content
  • 7306 Accesses

De Cannabis sativa , Nederlandse naam ‘hennep’, is een plant die in grote delen van de wereld in de vrije natuur voorkomt. Zowel in de tropen en subtropen als in de gematigde klimaatzones gedijt hij uitstekend. Sinds mensenheugenis wordt de plant voor verschillende doeleinden gekweekt: als grondstof voor textiel, als medicijn en natuurlijk wegens de psychoactieve eigenschappen, al dan niet toegepast in religieuze ceremonies. Het is één van de oudste cultuurplanten.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Referenties

  • Barbers RG. et al. Differential examination of bronchoalveolar lavage cells in tobacco cigarette and marijuana smokers. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 135(6): 1271–1275.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bloom JW. et al. Respiratory effects of non-tobacco cigarettes. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987; 295(6612): 1516–1518.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brink W van den. Hoe schadelijk zijn softdrugs? Justitie verken 2006; 32: 72–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brink W van den. Verslaving: een chronisch recidiverende hersenziekte. Justitie verken 2006; 32: 59–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carai MA, Colombo G, Gessa GL. Rimonabant: the first therapeutically relevant cannabinoid antagonist. Life Sci 2005; 77(19): 2339–2350.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen R. et al. Efficacy and safety of the weight-loss drug rimonabant: a metaanalysis of randomised trials. Lancet 2007; 370(9600): 1706–1713.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coates RA. et al. Cofactors of progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a cohort of male sexual contacts of men with human immunodeficiency virus disease. Am J Epidemiol 1990; 132(4): 717–722.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Decorte T, Muys M, Slock S. Cannabis in Vlaanderen. Patronen van cannabisgebruik bij ervaren gebruikers. Leuven/Leusden: Acco; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Devane WA. et al. Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor. Science 1992; 258(5090): 1946–1949.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Di Marzo V, Petrocellis LD. Plant, synthetic, and endogenous cannabinoids in medicine. Annu Rev Med 2006; 57: 553–574.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Gohary M, Eid MA. Effect of cannabinoid ingestion (in the form of bhang) on the immune system of high school and university students. Hum Exp Toxicol 2004; 23(3): 149–156.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fergusson DM. et al. Cannabis and psychosis. Bmj 2006; 332(7534): 172–175.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fergusson DM, Boden JM, Horwood LJ. Cannabis use and other illicit drug use: testing the cannabis gateway hypothesis. Addiction 2006; 101(4): 556–569.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Beautrais AL. Cannabis and educational achievement. Addiction 2003; 98(12): 1681–1692.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fried PA. Prenatal exposure to tobacco and marijuana: effects during pregnancy, infancy, and early childhood. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1993; 36(2): 319–317.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gieringer D. Marijuana research: Waterpipe study. MAPS (Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies) Bulletin 1996; 6: 59–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gong H. et al. Tracheobronchial changes in habitual, heavy smokers of marijuana with and without tobacco. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 136(1): 142–149.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hall W, Christie M, Currow D. Cannabinoids and cancer: causation, remediation, and palliation. Lancet Oncol 2005; 6(1): 35–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison GP. et al. Cognitive measures in long-term cannabis users. J Clin Pharmacol 2002; 42(11 Suppl): 41S–47S.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hashibe M. et al. Epidemiologic review of marijuana use and cancer risk. Alcohol 2005; 35(3): 265–265.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hashibe M. et al. Marijuana use and the risk of lung and upper aerodigestive tract cancers: results of a population-based case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15(10): 1829–1824.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hazekamp A. et al. Evaluation of a vaporizing device (Volcano) for the pulmonary administration of tetrahydrocannabinol. J Pharm Sci 2006; 95(6): 1308–1317.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heishman SJ, Stitzer ML, Yingling JE. Effects of tetrahydrocannabinol content on marijuana smoking behavior, subjective reports, and performance. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1989; 34(1): 173–179.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollister L. Marijuana and immunity. J Psychoactive Drugs 1992; 24: 159–164.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iversen L. The science of marijuana. Oxford: University Press; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaslow R. et al. No evidence for a role of alcohol or other psychoactive drugs in accelerating immunodeficiency in HIV-1-positive individuals: a report from the Multicentre AIDS Cohort Study, JAMA 1989; 261: 3424–3429.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korf D. De normalisering van cannabisgebruik. Justitie verken 2006; 32: 61–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Korf DJ. Dutch coffee shops and trends in cannabis use. Addict Behav 2002; 27(6): 851–866.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Korf DJ. et al. Sterke wiet. Een onderzoek naar blowgedrag, schadelijkheid en afhankelijkheid van cannabis. Amsterdam: Rozenberg Publishers; 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraft U. Natural High. Scien Am Mind 2006; 17: 61–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laar M van. et al. Nationale Drug Monitor. Jaarbericht 2006. Utrecht: Trimbos Instituut; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyketsos CG. et al. Cannabis use and cognitive decline in persons under 65 years of age. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 149(9): 794–800.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lynskey MT. et al. Stimulant use and symptoms of abuse/dependence: epidemiology and associations with cannabis use - a twin study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2007; 86(2-3): 147–153.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moore TH. et al. Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review. Lancet 2007; 370(9584): 319–328.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morral AR, McCaffrey DF, Paddock SM. Reassessing the marijuana gateway effect. Addiction 2002; 97(12): 1493–1504.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Niesink R. et al. THC-concentraties in wiet, nederwiet en hasj in Nederlandse coffeeshops (2005–2006). Utrecht: Trimbos Instituut, DIMS; 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pacifici R. et al. Modulation of the immune system in cannabis users. Jama 2003; 289(15): 1929–1931.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pope HG. et al. Early-onset cannabis use and cognitive deficits: what is the nature of the association? Drug Alcohol Depend 2003; 69(3): 303–310.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russo E, Guy GW. A tale of two cannabinoids: the therapeutic rationale for combining tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. Med Hypotheses 2006; 66(2): 234–246.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scharen H van. De Cannabis connectie. Antwerpen: Uitgeverij Hadewijch; 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Segev L, Paz A, Potasman I. Drug abuse in travelers to southeast Asia: an on-site study. J Travel Med 2005; 12(4): 205–209.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Solowij N. et al. Cognitive functioning of long-term heavy cannabis users seeking treatment. Jama 2002; 287(9): 1123–1131.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stella N. Schweitzer P, Piomelli D. A second endogenous cannabinoid that modulates long-term potentiation. Nature 1997; 388(6644): 773–778.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sydow K von. et al. What predicts incident use of cannabis and progression to abuse and dependence? A 4-year prospective examination of risk factors in a community sample of adolescents and young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2002; 68(1): 49–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tashkin D. et al. Effects of habitual use of marijuana and/or cocaine on the lung. In: Research findings on smoking of abused substances. NIDA Research Monograph 1997; 99: 63–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tashkin, DP. et al. Respiratory symptoms and lung function in habitual heavy smokers of marijuana alone, smokers of marijuana and tobacco, smokers of tobacco alone, and nonsmokers. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 135(1): 209–216.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tashkin DP. et al. Respiratory and immunologic consequences of marijuana smoking. J Clin Pharmacol 2002; 42(11 Suppl): 718–781.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor D. et al. A longitudinal study of the effects of tobacco and cannabis exposure on lung function in young adults. Addiction 2002; 97: 1055–1061.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zuckerman B. et al. Effects of maternal marijuana and cocaine use on fetal growth. N Engl J Med 1989; 320(12): 762–768.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Websites

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Roel Kerssemakers Rob Van Meerten Els Noorlander Hylke Vervaeke

Copyright information

© 2008 Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Vervaeke, H. (2008). Tripmiddelen: cannabis. In: Kerssemakers, R., Van Meerten, R., Noorlander, E., Vervaeke, H. (eds) Drugs en alcohol; Gebruik, misbruik en verslaving. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-6554-8_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-6554-8_12

  • Publisher Name: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-313-5059-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-90-313-6554-8

  • eBook Packages: Dutch language eBook collection

Publish with us

Policies and ethics