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6 Antimicrobiële eiwitten in speeksel

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Speeksel, speekselklieren en mondgezondheid

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Samenvatting

In speeksel zijn diverse eiwitsystemen aanwezig die infecties in of via de mondholte bestrijden door de kolonisatie van micro-organismen te remmen. Het mechanisme van antimicrobiële activiteit kent grote verschillen. Zo komen antibacteriële speekseleiwitten voor die alleen een bacterieaggregerende functie hebben, bijvoorbeeld mucinen, agglutinine en prolinerijk glycoproteïne (PRG). Andere eiwitten remmen microbiële enzymsystemen, bijvoorbeeld cystatinen, TIMPs en SLPI. Weer andere eiwitten bezitten enzymatische activiteit, zoals lactoperoxidase, lysozym, chitinase en EP-GP. Ten slotte zijn er ook microbicide eiwitten die een micro-organisme lyseren door het celmembraan poreus te maken, zoals lactoferricine en chromogranine A. Dit impliceert dat bij een tekort aan speeksel, door een speekselklieraandoening, door verwijdering van de speekselklieren (zie hoofdstuk 16), door een systemische ziekte (zie hoofdstuk 17) of door medicijngebruik (zie hoofdstuk 19), de kans op orale infecties toeneemt. Elk van de speekselklieren blijkt een specifieke set van afweersystemen te bevatten (tabel 6.7). Met andere woorden: goed functionerende speekselklieren – in combinatie met een goede mondhygiëne – zijn zeer belangrijk om de kans op het ontwikkelen van mondinfecties tot een minimum te beperken.

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van Nieuw Amerongen, A. (2008). 6 Antimicrobiële eiwitten in speeksel. In: Speeksel, speekselklieren en mondgezondheid. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-6317-9_6

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