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Ottica di Fourier

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Manuale di Ottica

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Abstract

Abbiamo visto che nell’approssimazione di Fresnel la propagazione di un’onda fra due piani paralleli può essere espressa in termini di una trasformata di Fourier. Qui esamineremo una tecnica alternativa basata sul fatto che il campo presente sul primo piano può essere rappresentato dal suo spettro in onde piane, per le quali, in uno spazio omogeneo, si può determinare la propagazione in modo semplice. Ricombinando queste onde si può dunque facilmente ricostruire il campo sul second piano con una trasformata inversa. Questo fatto ha due importanti applicazioni, la prima riguarda le tecniche matematiche e numeriche che si possono usare per calcolare il campo diffratto, la seconda è in un certo senso opposta alla prima e riguarda il trattamento di segnali per via ottica. In particolare, discuteremo in modo succinto alcuni argomenti che fanno uso della trasformata di Fourier, tra cui i teoremi di campionamento e le tecniche numeriche per il calcolo della diffrazione, la formazione delle immagini e l’analisi della qualità dei sistemi ottici, la teoria della coerenza e alcune sue applicazioni, il filtraggio spaziale ed infine i reticoli di diffrazione.

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  1. Istituto Nazionale di Ottica—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (INO-CNR) e European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy

    Giovanni Giusfredi

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  1. Giovanni Giusfredi
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Correspondence to Giovanni Giusfredi .

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Giusfredi, G. (2015). Ottica di Fourier. In: Manuale di Ottica. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5744-9_5

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