Skip to main content

Urinary Tract Imaging

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pediatric Urology

Abstract

The radiologic studies for the evaluation of the urinary tract in children are those most frequently in daily practice; the number of children studied was also significantly increased in recent years, in proportion to the spread on the territory and the practice of routine prenatal ultrasound.

Many diagnostic techniques are available, such as ultrasound which was further refined in the last decade, while others have become obsolete in the different diagnostic algorithms, replaced by new techniques that are recently introduced, and in either case, knowledge of these advances is essential for a modern diagnostic approach in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and radiation protection.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Riccabona M (2002) Potential of modern sonographic techniques in paediatric uroradiology. Eur J Radiol 43:110–121

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Riccabona M, Avni FE, Blickman JG et al (2008) Imaging recommendations in paediatric uroradiology. Minutes of the ESPR workgroup session on urinary tract infection, fetal hydronephrosis, urinary tract ultrasonography and voiding cystourethrography. Barcelona, Spain, June 2007. Pediatr Radiol 38:138–145

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Riccabona M, Avni FE, Blickman JG et al (2009) Imaging recommendations in paediatric uroradiology, part II. Minutes of the ESPR uroradiology task force session on childhood obstructive uropathy, high-grade fetal hydronephrosis, childhood haematuria, and urolithiasis in childhood. Pediatr Radiol 39:891–898

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Riccabona M (2009) Urinary tract imaging in infancy. Pediatr Radiol 39:S436–S445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Darge K, Grattan-Smith, Riccabona M (2011) Pediatric uroradiology: state of the art. Pediatr Radiol 41:82–91

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Riccabona M, Sorantin E, Ring E (1998) Application of M-mode sonography in pediatric patients. Eur Radiol 8:1457–1461

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bartram U, Darge K (2005) Harmonic versus conventional ultrasound imaging of the urinary tract in children. Pediatr Radiol 35:655–660

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Riccabona M (2005) Pediatric three-dimensional ultrasound: basics and potential clinical value. Clin Imaging 29:1–5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Darge K, Heidemeier A (2006) US diagnosis of urinary tract calculi in children using the “twinkling sign”. Ultrasound 14:167–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Riccabona M, Ring E, Schwinger W et al (2001) Amplitude coded-colour Doppler sonography in pediatric renal disease. Eur Radiol 11:861–866

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Mitterberger M, Pinggera GM, Neururer R et al (2008) Comparison of contrast-enhanced color Doppler imaging (CDI), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of crossing vessels in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). Eur Urol 53:1254–1260

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Darge K (2008) Voiding urosonography with ultrasound contrast agents for the diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux in children. I. Procedure. Pediatr Radiol 38:40–53

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Darge K (2008) Voiding urosonography with US contrast agents for the diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux in children. II. Comparison with radiological examinations. Pediatr Radiol 38:54–63

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Darge K, Troeger J (2002) Vesicoureteral reflux grading in contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography. Eur J Radiol 43:122–128

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Darge K, Moeller RT, Trusen A et al (2004) Diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux with low-dose contrast-enhanced harmonic ultrasound imaging. Pediatr Radiol 35:73–78

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Darge K, Ghods S, Zieger B et al (2001) Reduction in voiding cystourethrographies after the introduction of contrast enhanced sonographic reflux diagnosis. Pediatr Radiol 31:790–795

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Ward VL, Strauss KJ, Barnewolt CE et al (2008) Pediatric radiation exposure and effective dose reduction during voiding cystourethrography. Radiology 249:1002–1009

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Riccabona M, Avni FE, Dacher JN et al (2010) ESPR uroradiology task force and ESUR paediatric working group: imaging and procedural recommendations in paediatric uroradiology, part III. Minutes of the ESPR uroradiology task force mini-symposium on intravenous urography, uro-CT and MR-urography in childhood. Pediatr Radiol 40:1315–1320

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Akay H, Akpinar E, Ergun O et al (2006) Unenhanced multidetector CT evaluation of urinary stones and secondary signs in pediatric patients. Diagn Interv Radiol 12:147–150

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Maudgil DD, McHugh K (2002) The role of computed tomography in modern paediatric uroradiology. Eur J Radiol 43:129–138

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Grattan-Smith JD, Little SB, Jones RA (2008) MR urography evaluation of obstructive uropathy. Pediatr Radiol 38:S49–S69

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Grattan-Smith JD, Little SB, Jones RA (2008) Evaluation of reflux nephropathy, pyelonephritis and renal dysplasia. Pediatr Radiol 38:S83–S105

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Perez-Brayfield MR, Kirsch AJ, Jones RA et al (2003) A prospective study comparing ultrasound, nuclear scintigraphy and dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of hydronephrosis. J Urol 170:1330–1334

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Grattan-Smith JD, Little SB, Jones RA (2008) MR urography in children: how we do it. Pediatr Radiol 38:S3–S17

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Vivier PH, Blondiaux E, Dolores M et al (2009) Functional MR urography in children. J Radiol 90:11–19

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Riccabona M (2008) Potential of MR imaging in the paediatric abdomen. Eur J Radiol 68:235–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Khrichenko D, Darge K (2010) Functional analysis in MR urography—made simple. Pediatr Radiol 40:182–199

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Mendichovszky IA, Marks SD, Simcock CM et al (2008) Gadolinium and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: time to tighten practice. Pediatr Radiol 38:489–496

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Grattan-Smith JD, Jones RA (2006) MR urography in children. Pediatr Radiol 36:1119–1132

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Jones RA, Schmotzer B, Little SB et al (2008) MRU postprocessing. Pediatr Radiol 38:S18–S27

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Hackstein N, Heckrodt J, Rau WS (2003) Measurement of single kidney glomerular filtration rate using a contrast-enhanced dynamic gradient-echo sequence and the Rutland-Patlak plot technique. J Magn Reson Imaging 18:714–725

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Filomena Carfagnini .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Carfagnini, F., Tani, G. (2015). Urinary Tract Imaging. In: Lima, M., Manzoni, G. (eds) Pediatric Urology. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5693-0_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5693-0_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-5692-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-5693-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics