Abstract
The defects that may be suitable for percutaneous closure are located within the muscular septum (muscular ventricular septal defects, MVSD) or in the perimembranous septum (perimembranous ventricular septal defects, PVSD) with or without aneurysm, and they can be native of residual post surgery.
Surgical repair is currently the only option for doubly committed or supracristal defects, for perimembranous defects associated with prolapse of aortic valve and aortic regurgitation and for any defect associated with malalignment of the muscular outlet septum or straddling and overriding atrioventricular valves.
Large defects give signs and symptoms of cardiac failure in early infancy, and they have to be treated surgically during the first months of life.
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Suggested Reading
Chessa M, Carminati M, Cao QL, Butera G, Giusti S, Bini RM, Hijazi ZM (2002) Transcatheter closure of congenital and acquired muscular ventricular septal defects using the Amplatzer device. J Invasive Cardiol 14:322–327
Carminati M, Butera G, Chessa M, De Giovanni J, Fisher G, Gewillig M, Peuster M, Piechaud JF, Santoro G, Sievert H, Spadoni I, Walsh K (2007) Transcatheter closure of congenital ventricular septal defects: results of the European Registry. Investigators of the European VSD Registry. Eur Heart J 28(19):2361–2368
Butera G, Carminati M, Chessa M, Piazza L, Micheletti A, Negura DG, Abella R, Giamberti A, Frigiola A (2007) Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects: early and long-term results. J Am Coll Cardiol 50(12):1189–1195
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© 2015 Springer-Verlag Italia
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Chessa, M., Butera, G. (2015). Ventricular Septal Defects. In: Butera, G., Chessa, M., Eicken, A., Thomson, J. (eds) Cardiac Catheterization for Congenital Heart Disease. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5681-7_28
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5681-7_28
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