Riassunto
L’alveare offre un habitat favorevole a un’ampia varietà di organismi, alcuni dei quali molto pericolosi. Le malattie sono causate da organismi che trovano nell’ape un ospite adatto in cui svolgere il proprio ciclo vitale. Molti di questi sono parassiti specifici obbligati, cioè la loro esistenza è indissolubilmente legata all’ape, che trovano nell’alveare rifugio, fonte di cibo e regolazione termica e igrometrica garantita costantemente dalle api. Inoltre, l’ape offre un’efficace sistema di trasmissione che permette ai parassiti di invadere nuove colonie per via orizzontale, attraverso la deriva o il saccheggio, e per via verticale, mediante la sciamatura. Tali organismi possono essere distinti in microparassiti es. virus, batteri, microsporidi), spesso indicati come patogeni, e in macroparassiti, come nel caso degli acari.
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Floris, I. (2014). Approccio integrato alla gestione sanitaria degli apiari. In: Carpana, E., Lodesani, M. (eds) Patologia e avversità dell’alveare. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5650-3_13
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