Abstract
In victims of cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in conjunction with electrical defibrillation (DF) has the potential of re-establishing the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). During cardiac arrest, coronary blood flow ceases, accounting for a progressive and severe energy imbalance. Intra-myocardial hypercarbic acidosis is associated with depletion of high energy phosphates and correspondingly severe global myocardial ischemia [1, 2]. The ischemic left ventricle becomes contracted ushering in the stone heart [3, 4]. After onset of contracture, the probability of successful DF is remote. Early CPR, accounting for a partial restoration of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and myocardial blood flow, delays onset of ischemic myocardial injury and facilitates defibrillation [5]. Accordingly, VF is characterized by three time-sensitive electrophysiological phases: The electrical phase of 0–4 min; the circulatory phase of 4–10 min; and the metabolic phase of >10 min. During the electrical phase, immediate DF is likely to be successful. As ischemia progresses, the success of attempted DF diminishes without CPR.
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Ristagno, G., Fumagalli, F. (2014). Amplitude Spectrum Area to Predict the Success of Defibrillation. In: Gullo, A., Ristagno, G. (eds) Resuscitation. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5507-0_6
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