Abstract
Patients with traumatic injuries are at increased risk for infection.
The interruption of tissue integrity, hemorrhage and tissue hypoperfusion, frequency of invasive procedures, and impaired host defense mechanisms all have a major impact on subsequent infection.
It is well known that trauma patients with hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are at increased risk for mortality, have longer length of stay, and incur higher inpatient costs.
Given the magnitude of the clinical and economic burden of HAIs, implementing interventions aiming to decrease the incidence of HAIs may have a potentially large impact.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Czaja AS, Rivara FP, Wang J, Koepsell T, Nathens AB, Jurkovich GJ, Mackenzie E (2009) Late outcomes of trauma patients with infections during index hospitalization. J Trauma 67:805–814
Glance LG, Stone PW, Mukamel DB, Dick AW (2011) Increases in mortality, length of stay, and cost associated with hospital-acquired infections in trauma patients. Arch Surg 146:794–801
Pories SE, Gamelli RL, Mead PB, Goodwin G, Harris F, Vacek P (1991) The epidemiologic features of nosocomial infections in patients with trauma. Arch Surg 126:97–99
Jamulitrat S, Narong MN, Thongpiyapoom S (2002) Trauma severity scoring systems as predictors of nosocomial infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 23:268–273
Serrano PE, Khuder SA, Fath JJ (2010) Obesity as a risk factor for nosocomial infections in trauma patients. J Am Coll Surg 211:61–67
Laird AM, Miller PR, Kilgo PD, Meredith JW, Chang MC (2004) Relationship of early hyperglycemia to mortality in trauma patients. J Trauma 56:1058–1062
Claridge JA, Crabtree TD, Pelletier SJ, Butler K, Sawyer RG, Young JS (2000) Persistent occult hypoperfusion is associated with a significant increase in infection rate and mortality in major trauma patients. J Trauma 48:8–14
Bochicchio GV, Joshi M, Knorr KM, Scalea TM (2001) Impact of nosocomial infections in trauma: does age make a difference? J Trauma 50:612–617
Gannon CJ, Pasquale M, Tracy JK, McCarter RJ, Napolitano LM (2004) Male gender is associated with increased risk for postinjury pneumonia. Shock 21:410–414
Andermahr J, Hensler T, Sauerland S, Greb A, Helling HJ, Prokop A, Neugebauer EA, Rehm KE (2003) Risk factors for the development of pneumonia in multiple injured patients. Results of a prospective clinical trial. Unfallchirurg 106:392–397
Tejada Artigas A, Bello Dronda S, Chacón Vallés E, Muñoz Marco J, Villuendas Usón MC, Figueras P, Suarez FJ, Hernández A (2001) Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients. Crit Care Med 29:304–309
Magnotti LJ, Croce MA, Fabian TC (2004) Is ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients an epiphenomenon or a cause of death? Surg Infect (Larchmt) 5:237–242
Jones RN (2010) Microbial etiologies of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 51 Suppl 1:S81–S87, 15;171:388–416
Alvarez-Lerma F, ICU-Acquired Pneumonia Study Group (1996) Modification of empiric antibiotic treatment in patients with pneumonia acquired in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 22:387–394
Monaghan SF, Heffernan DS, Thakkar RK, Reinert SE, Machan JT, Connolly MD, Gregg SC, Kozloff MS, Adams CA Jr, Cioffi WG (2011) The development of a urinary tract infection is associated with increased mortality in trauma patients. J Trauma 71:1569–1574
Hooton TM, Bradley SF, Cardenas DD, Colgan R, Geerlings SE, Rice JC, Saint S, Schaeffer AJ, Tambayh PA, Tenke P, Nicolle LE (2010) Infectious Diseases Society of America. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 50:625–663
Wallace WC, Cinat M, Gornick WB, Lekawa ME, Wilson SE (1999) Nosocomial infections in the surgical intensive care unit: a difference between trauma and surgical patients. Am Surg 65:987–990
El-Masri MM, Hammad TA, McLeskey SW, Joshi M, Korniewicz DM (2004) Predictors of nosocomial bloodstream infections among critically ill adult trauma patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 25:656–663
Faria GR, Almeida AB, Moreira H, Barbosa E, Correia-da-Silva P, Costa-Maia J (2012) Prognostic factors for traumatic bowel injuries: killing time. World J Surg 36:807–812
Malinoski DJ, Patel MS, Yakar DO, Green D, Qureshi F, Inaba K, Brown CV, Salim A (2010) A diagnostic delay of 5 hours increases the risk of death after blunt hollow viscus injury. J Trauma 69:84–87
Sartelli M, Viale P, Koike K, Pea F, Tumietto F, van Goor H, Guercioni G, Nespoli A, Tranà C, Catena F, Ansaloni L, Leppaniemi A, Biffl W, Moore FA, Poggetti R, Pinna AD, Moore EE (2011) WSES consensus conference: guidelines for first-line management of intra-abdominal infections. World J Emerg Surg 6:2
Morales CH, Escobar RM, Villegas MI, Castaño A, Trujillo J (2011) Surgical site infection in abdominal trauma patients: risk prediction and performance of the NNIS and SENIC indexes. Can J Surg 54:17–24
Cheadle WG (2006) Risk factors for surgical site infection. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 7 Suppl 1:S7–S11
Owens CD, Stoessel K (2008) Surgical site infections: epidemiology, microbiology and prevention. J Hosp Infect 70(Suppl 2):3–10
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sartelli, M., Tranà, C. (2014). Infections in Trauma Patients. In: Di Saverio, S., Tugnoli, G., Catena, F., Ansaloni, L., Naidoo, N. (eds) Trauma Surgery. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5403-5_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5403-5_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-5402-8
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-5403-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)