Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Psychiatric Disorders

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Sleepiness and Human Impact Assessment

  • 1288 Accesses

Abstract

Sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders are inextricably linked. Virtually all psychiatric patients complain of insomnia, daytime sleepiness, or both. On the contrary, several patients with sleep disorders complain of mood and anxiety symptoms. Moreover, the treatment of psychiatric disorders often improves sleep and vice versa. The weak relationship between EDS and anxiety disorders may be related to the hyperarousal state that may characterize anxiety disorders. Sleep disturbances are reported by approximately 75 % of adults, children, and adolescents with major depression. Similarly, patients with bipolar disorder also often report insomnia or hypersomnia when they are depressed, but they are more likely to exhibit hypersomnia than unipolar patients. Somnolence in schizophrenic patients can be a side effect of antipsychotic treatment, or it may be symptomatic of a sleep disorder such as a sleep-related breathing disorder enhanced by, or induced by, antipsychotic treatment

An erratum to this chapter can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5388-5_31

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Ebmeier KP, Donaghey C, Steele JD (2006) Recent developments and current controversies in depression. Lancet 367:153

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Kessler RC, Merikangas KR, Wang PS (2007) Prevalence, comorbidity, and service utilization for mood disorders in the United States at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 3:137

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Baumeister H, Härter M (2007) Prevalence of mental disorders based on general population surveys. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 42:537

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Lee KE, Douglass AB (2010) Sleep in psychiatric disorders: where are we now? Can J Psychiatry 55:403–412

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ohayon MM, Roth T (2003) Place of chronic insomnia in the course of depressive and anxiety disorders. J Psychiatr Res 37(1):9–15

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Chapman DP, Presley-Cantrell LR, Liu Y et al (2013) Frequent insufficient sleep and anxiety and depressive disorders among U.S. community dwellers in 20 states, 2010. Psychiatr Serv 64(4):385–387

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Johnson EO, Roth T, Breslau N (2006) The association of insomnia with anxiety disorders and depression: exploration of the direction of risk. J Psychiatr Res 40(8):700–708

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Jansson-Fröjmark M, Lindblom K (2008) A bidirectional relationship between anxiety and depression, and insomnia? A prospective study in the general population. J Psychosom Res 64(4):443–449

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Morphy H, Dunn KM, Lewis M et al (2007) Epidemiology of insomnia: a longitudinal study in a UK population. Sleep 30(3):274–280

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Germain A (2013) Sleep disturbances as the hallmark of PTSD: where are we now? Am J Psychiatry 170(4):372–382

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Dow BM, Kelsoe JR Jr, Gillin JC (1996) Sleep and dreams in Vietnam PTSD and depression. Biol Psychiatry 39:42–50

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Woodward SH, Leskin GA, Sheikh JI (2002) Movement during sleep: associations with posttraumatic stress disorder, nightmares, and comorbid panic disorder. Sleep 25:681–688

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Engdahl BE, Eberly RE, Hurwitz TD et al (2000) Sleep in a community sample of elderly war veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 47:520–525

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ross RJ, Ball WA, Dinges DF et al (1994) Rapid eye movement sleep disturbance in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 35:195–202

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Woodward SH, Arsenault NJ, Murray C et al (2000) Laboratory sleep correlates of nightmare complaint in PTSD inpatients. Biol Psychiatry 48:1081–1108

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Germain A, Nielsen TA (2003) Sleep pathophysiology in posttraumatic stress disorder and idiopathic nightmare sufferers. Biol Psychiatry 54:1092–1098

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Brown TM, Boudewyns PA (1996) Periodic limb movements of sleep in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress 9:129–136

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Klein E, Koren D, Arnon I et al (2003) Sleep complaints are not corroborated by objective sleep measures in post-traumatic stress disorder: a 1-year prospective study in survivors of motor vehicle crashes. J Sleep Res 12:35–41

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Hurwitz TD, Mahowald MW, Kuskowski M et al (1998) Polysomnographic sleep is not clinically impaired in Vietnam combat veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 44:1066–1073

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Kobayashi I, Boarts JM, Delahanty DL (2007) Polysomnographically measured sleep abnormalities in PTSD: a meta-analytic review. Psychophysiology 44:660–669

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Chellappa SL, Araújo JF (2006) Excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with depressive disorder. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 28:126–130

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Breslau N, Roth T, Rosenthal L et al (1996) Sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders; a longitudinal epidemiological study of young adults. Biol Psychiatry 39:411–418

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Theorell-Haglöw J, Lindberg E, Janson C (2006) What are important risk factors for daytime sleepiness and fatigue in women? Sleep 29:751–757

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Lieb R, Becker E, Altamura C (2005) The epidemiology of generalized anxiety disorder in Europe. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 15(4):445–452

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Grant BF, Hasin DS, Stinson FS et al (2005) Prevalence, correlates, co-morbidity, and comparative disability of DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychol Med 35(12):1747–1759

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Carter RM, Wittchen HU, Pfister H et al (2001) One-year prevalence of subthreshold and threshold DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder in a nationally representative sample. Depress Anxiety 13(2):78–88

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Hunt C, Issakidis C, Andrews G (2002) DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder in the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. Psychol Med 32(4):649–659

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Kaneita Y, Ohida T, Uchiyama M et al (2005) Excessive daytime sleepiness among the Japanese general population. J Epidemiology 15:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  29. Martikainen K, Hasan J, Urponen H et al (1992) Daytime sleepiness: a risk factor in community life. Acta Psychiatr Scand 86:337–341

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Hara C, Lopes Rocha F, Lima-Costa MF (2004) Prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness and associated factors in a Brazilian community: The Bamui study. J Sleep Med 5:31–36

    Google Scholar 

  31. Hayley AC, Williams LJ, Berk M et al (2013) The relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness and depressive and anxiety disorders in women. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. doi:10.1177/0004867413490036

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. de Lecea L, Carter ME, Adamantidis A (2012) Shining light on wakefulness and arousal. Biol Psychiatry 71(12):1046–1052

    Google Scholar 

  33. Winsky-Sommerer R, Boutrel B, de Lecea L (2005) Stress and arousal. Mol Neurobiol 32:285–294

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Johnson PL, Samuels BC, Fitz SD et al (2012) Activation of the orexin 1 receptor is a critical component of CO2-mediated anxiety and hypertension but not bradycardia. Neuropsychopharmacology 37(8):1911–1922

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. McHugh RK, Whitton SW, Peckham AD et al (2013) Patient preference for psychological vs pharmacologic treatment of psychiatric disorders: a meta-analytic review. J Clin Psychiatry 74(6):595–602

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Altamura AC, Moliterno D, Paletta S et al (2013) Understanding the pharmacokinetics of anxiolytic drugs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 9(4):423–440

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Lenze EJ, Rollman BL, Shear MK et al (2009) Escitalopram for older adults with generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 301(3):295–303

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Wu WY, Wang G, Ball SG et al (2011) Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of patients with generalized anxiety disorder in China. Chin Med J (Engl) 124(20):3260–3268

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Buoli M, Caldiroli A, Caletti E, Paoli RA, Altamura AC (2013) New approaches to the pharmacological management of generalized anxiety disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother 14(2):175–184

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Zaccara G, Perucca P, Gangemi PF (2012) The adverse event profile of pregabalin across different disorders: a meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 68(6):903–912

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Montgomery S, Emir B, Haswell H, et al (2013) Long-term treatment of anxiety disorders with pregabalin: a 1-year open-label study of safety and tolerability. Curr Med Res Opin, Jun 30. doi:10.1185/03007995.2013.820694

  42. Wensel TM, Powe KW, Cates ME (2012) Pregabalin for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Ann Pharmacother 46(3):424–429

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Stein DJ, Bandelow B, Merideth C et al (2011) Efficacy and tolerability of extended release quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR) monotherapy in patients with generalised anxiety disorder: an analysis of pooled data from three 8-week placebo-controlled studies. Hum Psychopharmacol 26(8):614–628

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O et al (2005) Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62(6):593–602

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Demyttenaere K, Bruffaerts R, Posada-Villa J et al (2004) Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. JAMA 291:2581–2590

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Bijl RV, Ravelli A, van Zessen G (1998) Prevalence of psychiatric disorder in the general population: results of The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 33:587–595

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Kringlen E, Torgersen S, Cramer V (2001) A Norwegian psychiatric epidemiological study. Am J Psychiatry 158:1091–1098

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Martin-Merino E, Ruigomez A, Johansson S et al (2010) Study of a cohort of patients newly diagnosed with depression in general practice: prevalence, incidence, comorbidity, and treatment patterns. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 12(1):PCC.08m00764

    Google Scholar 

  49. Martin-Merino E, Ruigomez A, Wallander MA et al (2010) Prevalence, incidence, morbidity and treatment patterns in a cohort of patients diagnosed with anxiety in UK primary care. Fam Pract 27:9–16

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Boffin N, Bossuyt N, Declercq T et al (2012) Incidence, patient characteristics and treatment initiated for GP-diagnosed depression in general practice: results of a 1-year nationwide surveillance study. Fam Pract 29:678–687

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. World Health Organization. What is depression? http://www.who.int/mental_health/management/depression/definition/en/. Accessed 7 Dec 2009

  52. American Psychiatric Association (2000) Task force on DSM-IV. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR, 4th ed. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  53. Yates WR, Mitchell J, John Rush A et al (2007) Clinical features of depression in outpatients with and without co-occurring general medical conditions in STAR*D: confirmatory analysis. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 9(1):7–15

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Liu X, Buysse DJ, Gentzler AL et al (2007) Insomnia and hypersomnia associated with depressive phenomenology and comorbidity in childhood depression. Sleep 30(1):83–90

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Mitchell PB, Goodwin GM, Johnson GF et al (2008) Diagnostic guidelines for bipolar depression: a probabilistic approach. Bipolar Disord 10(1 Pt 2):144–152

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Young TB (2004) Epidemiology of daytime sleepiness: definitions, symptomatology and prevalence. J Clin Psychiatry 65:12–16

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN, Lin HM et al (2005) EDS in a general population sample: the role of sleep apnea, age, obesity, diabetes, and depression. J Clin Endoc Metabol 90:4510–4515

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Bittencourt LRA, Silva RS, Santos RF et al (2007) Excessive daytime sleepiness. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 27:16–22

    Google Scholar 

  59. Guilleminault C, Brooks SN (2001) Excessive daytime sleepiness: a challenge for the practising neurologist. Brain 124:1482–1491

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Stanton JM (1995) Weight gain associated with neuroleptic medication: a review. Schizophr Bull 21:463–472

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Schmidtke A, Bille-Brahe U, De Leo D et al (eds) (2001) Suicidal behaviour in Europe: results from the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour. Hogrefe & Huber, Göttingen

    Google Scholar 

  62. Rush AJ, Trivedi MH, Wisniewski SR et al (2006) Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D report. Am J Psychiatry 163:1905–1917

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Best MW, Fitzpatrick M, Milev R et al (2013) Utility of the Berlin questionnaire for predicting obstructive sleep apnea in individuals with treatment-resistant depression. Sleep Breath, Apr 11. doi:10.1007/s11325-013-0827-2

  64. Reynolds CF 3rd, Kupfer DJ (1987) Sleep research in affective illness: state of the art circa 1987. Sleep 10(3):199–215

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Steiger A, Dresler M, Kluge M et al (2013) Pathology of sleep, hormones and depression. Pharmacopsychiatry 46(Suppl 1):S30–S35

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Palagini L, Baglioni C, Ciapparelli A et al (2013) REM sleep dysregulation in depression: State of the art. Sleep Med Rev, Feb 4. pii: S1087-0792(12)00120-7

    Google Scholar 

  67. Borbély AA, Tobler I, Loepfe M et al (1984) All-night spectral analysis of the sleep EEG in untreated depressives and normal controls. Psychiatry Res 12(1):27–33

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Kupfer DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Ulrich RF et al (1986) Comparison of automated REM and slow-wave sleep analysis in young and middle-aged depressed subjects. Biol Psychiatry 21(2):189–200

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Benca RM, Obermeyer WH, Thisted RA et al (1992) Sleep and psychiatric disorders. A meta-analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49(8):651–668

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Giles DE, Roffwarg HP, Rush AJ (1987) REM latency concordance in depressed family members. Biol Psychiatry 22(7):910–914

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Giles DE, Kupfer DJ, Roffwarg HP et al (1989) Polysomnographic parameters in first-degree relatives of unipolar probands. Psychiatry Res 27(2):127–136

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Jindal RD, Thase ME, Fasiczka AL et al (2002) Electroencephalographic sleep profiles in single-episode and recurrent unipolar forms of major depression: II. Comparison during remission. Biol Psychiatry 51(3):230–236

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Hudson JI, Lipinski JF, Keck PE Jr et al (1992) Polysomnographic characteristics of young manic patients. Comparison with unipolar depressed patients and normal control subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49(5):378–383

    Google Scholar 

  74. Akiskal HS, Judd LL, Gillin JC et al (1997) Subthreshold depressions: clinical and polysomnographic validation of dysthymic, residual and masked forms. J Affect Disord 45(1–2):53–63

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Riemann D, Berger M, Voderholzer U (2001) Sleep and depression—results from psychobiological studies: an overview. Biol Psychology 57:67–103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Lewy AJ, Lefler BJ, Emens JS et al (2006) The circadian basis of winter depression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:7414–7419

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Nofzinger EA, Thase ME, Reynolds CF 3rd et al (1991) Hypersomnia in bipolar depression: a comparison with narcolepsy using the multiple sleep latency test. Am J Psychiatry 148:1177–1781

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Billiard M, Partinen M, Roth T et al (1994) Sleep and psychiatric disorders. J Psychosom Res 38:1–2

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Dolenc L, Besset A, Billiard M (1196) Hypersomnia in association with dysthymia in comparison with idiopathic hypersomnia and normal controls. Pflugers Arch 431:R303–R304

    Google Scholar 

  80. Vgontzas AN, Bixler EO, Kales A et al (2000) Differences in nocturnal and daytime sleep between primary and psychiatric hypersomnia: diagnostic and treatment implications. Psychosom Med 62:220–226

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders, 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  82. American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2005) International classification of sleep disorders, 2nd edition: diagnostic and coding manual. American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Westchester

    Google Scholar 

  83. WHO (1993) The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: diagnostic criteria for research. World Health Organization, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  84. Reynolds C, Redline S, DSM-V Sleep-Wake Disorders Workgroup and Advisors (2010) The DSM-V sleep-wake disorders nosology: an update and an invitation to the sleep community. Sleep 33:10–11

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Ohayon MM, Dauvilliers Y, Reynolds CF (2012) Operational definitions and algorithms for excessive sleepiness in the general population: implications for DSM-5 nosology. Arch Gen Psychiatry 69:71–79

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Benson KL (2006) Sleep in schizophrenia: impairments, correlates, and treatment. Psychiatr Clin N Am 29:1033–1045

    Google Scholar 

  87. Haffmans PM, Hoencamp E, Knegtering HJ et al (1994) Sleep disturbance in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 165(5):697–698

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Wulff K, Dijk DJ, Middleton B et al (2012) Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 200(4):308–316

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Cohrs S (2008) Sleep disturbances in patients with schizophrenia: impact and effect of antipsychotics. CNS Drugs 22:939–962

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Van Cauter E, Linkowski P, Kerkhofs M et al (1991) Circadian and sleep-related endocrine rhythms in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:348–356

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Kyung Lee E, Douglass AB (2010) Sleep in psychiatric disorders: where are we now? Can J Psychiatry 55(7):403–412

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Kluge M, Himmerich H, Wehmeier PM et al (2012) Sleep propensity at daytime as assessed by Multiple Sleep Latency Tests (MSLT) in patients with schizophrenia increases with clozapine and olanzapine. Schizophr Res 135(1–3):123–127

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Johns MW (2000) Sensitivity and specificity of the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), the maintenance of wakefulness test and the epworth sleepiness scale: failure of the MSLT as a gold standard. J Sleep Res 9:5–11

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Geisler P, Tracik F, Crönlein T et al (2006) The influence of age and sex on sleep latency in the MSLT-30—a normative study. Sleep 29:687–692

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Bymaster FP, Calligaro DO, Falcone JF et al (1996) Radioreceptor binding profile of the atypical antipsychotic olanzapine. Neuropsychopharmacology 14:87–96

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Leucht S, Komossa K, Rummel-Kluge C et al (2009) A meta-analysis of head-to-head comparisons of second-generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 166:152–163

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Rummel-Kluge C, Komossa K, Schwarz S et al (2010) Head-to-head comparisons of metabolic side effects of second generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 123:225–233

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Rummel-Kluge C, Komossa K, Schwarz S et al (2012) Second-generation antipsychotic drugs and extrapyramidal side effects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head comparisons. Schizophr Bull 38:167–177

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Wichniak A, Skowerska A, Chojnacka-Wojtowicz J, Taflinski T, Wierzbicka A, Jernajczyk W, Jarema M (2011) Actigraphic monitoring of activity and rest in schizophrenic patients treated with olanzapine or risperidone. J Psychiatr Res 45:1381–1386

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Kluge M, Wehmeier PM, Dittmann RW et al (2005) A simple switching strategy for inadequately treated patients with schizophrenia to olanzapine: changes in psychopathology and subjective well-being. Pharmacopsychiatry 38:6–12

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. McEvoy JP, Lieberman JA, Perkins DO et al (2007) Efficacy and tolerability of olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in the treatment of early psychosis: a randomized, double-blind 52-week comparison. Am J Psychiatry 164:1050–1060

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Karagianis J, Grossman L, Landry J et al (2009) A randomized controlled trial of the effect of sublingual orally disintegrating olanzapine versus oral olanzapine on body mass index: the PLATYPUS Study. Schizophr Res 113:41–48

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Buchanan RW (1995) Clozapine: efficacy and safety. Schizophr Bull 21:579–591

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Haas HL, Sergeeva OA, Selbach O (2008) Histamine in the nervous system. Physiol Rev 88:1183–1241

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Said Q, Gutterman EM, Kim MS et al (2008) Somnolence effects of antipsychotic medications and the risk of unintentional injury. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 17(4):354–364

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Morein-Zamir S, Turner DC, Sahakian BJ (2007) A review of the effects of modafinil on cognition in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 33(6):1298–1306

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Makela EH, Miller K, Cutlip WD 2nd (2003) Three case reports of modafinil use in treating sedation induced by antipsychotic medications. J Clin Psychiatry 64(4):485–486

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Rosenthal MH, Bryant SL (2004) Benefits of adjunct modafinil in an open-label, pilot study in patients with schizophrenia. Clin Neuropharmacol 27(1):38–43

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Pierre JM, Peloian JH, Wirshing DA et al (2007) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of modafinil for negative symptoms in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 68(5):705–710

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Narendran R, Young CM, Valenti AM et al (2002) Is psychosis exacerbated by modafinil? Arch Gen Psychiatry 59(3):292–293

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Benson KL, Zarcone VPJ (1994) Sleep abnormalities in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. In: Oldham J, Riba M (eds) Review of psychiatry, vol 13. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, pp 677–705, chapter 27

    Google Scholar 

  112. Winkelman JW (2001) Schizophrenia, obesity, and obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Psychiatry 62:8–11

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Takahashi KI, Shimizu T, Sugita T (1998) Prevalence of sleep-related respiratory disorders in 101 schizophrenic inpatients. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 52:229–231

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Ancoli-Israel S, Martin J, Jones DW et al (1999) Sleep-disordered breathing and periodic limb movements in sleep in older patients with schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 45:1426–1432

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Haque MF, Anwar MM, Crowe C et al (2008) Undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea in schizophrenia. J Sleep Res 17:S150

    Google Scholar 

  116. Sharafkhaneh A, Giray N, Richardson P et al (2005) Association of psychiatric disorders and sleep apnea in a large cohort. Sleep 28:1405–1411

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Flemons WW, Douglas NJ, Kuna ST et al (2004) Access to diagnosis and treatment of p[atients with suspected sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169:668–672

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Mitchell AJ, Malone D, Doebbeling CC (2009) Quality of medical care for people with and without comorbid mental illness and substance misuse: systematic review of comparitice studies. Br J Psychiatry 194:491–499

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Rishi MA, Shetty M, Wolff A et al (2010) Atypical antipsychotic medications are independently associated with severe obstructive sleep apnea. Clin Neuropharmacol 33:109–113

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Wirshing DA, Pierre JM, Wirshing WC (2002) Sleep apnea associated with antipsychotic-induced obesity. J Clin Psychiatry 63:369–370

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Boufidis S, Kosmidis MH, Bozikas VP et al (2003) Treatment outcome of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in a patient with schizoprhenia: case report. Int J Psychiatry Med 33:305

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Karanti A, Landén M (2007) Treatment refractory psychosis remitted upon treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: a case report. Psychopharmacol Bull 40:113–117

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Chiner E, Arriero JM, Signes-Costa J et al (2001) Acute psychosis after CPAP treatment in a schizophrenic patient with sleep apnoea–hypopnoea syndrome. Eur Respir J 17:313–315

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Martin PR, Lefebvre AM (1981) Surgical treatment of sleep-apnea-associated psychosis. Can Med Assoc J 124:979

    Google Scholar 

  125. Lee S, Chiu HFK, Chen CN (1989) Psychosis in sleep apnoea. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 23:571–573

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Sunitha C, Kumar S (2010) Obstructive sleep apnea and its management. Indian J Dent Res 21:119

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Sleep Disorders Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy

    Luigi Ferini-Strambi & Sara Marelli

Authors
  1. Luigi Ferini-Strambi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sara Marelli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luigi Ferini-Strambi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience,Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology,Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Centre of Sleep Medicine, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy

    Sergio Garbarino

  2. Department of Neurosciences, Centre of Sleep Medicine, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy

    Lino Nobili

  3. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Giovanni Costa

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ferini-Strambi, L., Marelli, S. (2014). Psychiatric Disorders. In: Garbarino, S., Nobili, L., Costa, G. (eds) Sleepiness and Human Impact Assessment. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5388-5_25

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5388-5_25

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-5387-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-5388-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation