Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading cause of death in the age group 20–65 years, in the western world, with an enormous social and economic impact. The majority of the cases of ventricular fibrillation (VF) occur in patients without a preexisting structural heart disease and represent the first manifestation of coronary artery disease. In most of these cases, VF occurs in the early phase of myocardial infarction (MI) and it is then called primary VF. Although several factors have been associated in various studies with primary VF a recent meta-analysis found no evidence for risk factors other than ST elevation and time from onset of symptoms.
In the past several years, few studies have found that a family history of sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a risk factor for primary VF suggesting that this dramatic event may be favored by the genetic background. To explore this possibility we designed the ongoing PREDESTINATION Study, enrolling subjects under 75 years of age with a first MI complicated by primary VF and a control group of subjects with a first uncomplicated MI.
Data so far available confirm the association between a family history of SCD and primary VF and suggest that hypokalemia and prolonged QT interval may favor its occurrence. The genetic analysis has already provided some interesting suggestions that will need to be confirmed by the continuation of the enrolment and joint analysis with data deriving from similar patient populations.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
De Vreede-Swagemakers, J.J., Gorgels, A.P., Dubois-Arbouw, W.I., Van Ree, J.W., Daemen, M.J., Houben, L.G., Wellens, H.J.: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the 1990’s: a population-based study in the Maastricht area on incidence, characteristics and survival. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 30, 1500–1505 (1997)
Gheeraert, P.J., De Buyzere, M.L., Taeymans, Y.M., Gillebert, T.C., Henriques, J.P., De Backer, G., De Bacquer, D.: Risk factors for primary ventricular fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. Heart J. 27, 2499–2510 (2006)
Friedlander, Y., Siscovick, D.S., Weinmann, S., Austin, M.A., Psaty, B.M., Lemaitre, R.N., Arbogast, P., Raghunathan, T.E., Cobb, L.A.: Family history as a risk factor for primary cardiac arrest. Circulation 97, 155–160 (1998)
Jouven, X., Desnos, M., Guerot, C., Ducimetière, P.: Predicting sudden death in the population: the Paris prospective study I. Circulation 99, 1978–1983 (1999)
Dekker, L.R., Bezzina, C.R., Henriques, J.P., Tanck, M.W., Koch, K.T., Alings, M.W., Arnold, A.E., de Boer, M.J., Gorgels, A.P., Michels, H.R., Verkerk, A., Verheugt, F.W., Zijlstra, F., Wilde, A.A.: Familial sudden death is an important risk factor for primary ventricular fibrillation: a case–control study in acute myocardial infarction patients. Circulation 114, 1140–1145 (2006)
Kaikkonen, K.S., Kortelainen, M.L., Linna, E., Huikuri, H.V.: Family history and the risk of sudden cardiac death as a manifestation of an acute coronary event. Circulation 114, 1462–1467 (2006)
Schwartz, P.J., Wolf, S.: QT interval prolongation as predictor of sudden death in patients with myocardial infarction. Circulation 57, 1074–1077 (1978)
Clausen, T.G., Brocks, K., Ibsen, H.: Hypokalemia and ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction. Acta Med. Scand. 224, 531–537 (1988)
Nordrehaug, J.E., von der Lippe, G.: Hypokalaemia and ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction. Br. Heart J. 50, 525–529 (1983)
Nordrehaug, J.E., Johannessen, K.A., von der Lippe, G.: Serum potassium concentration as a risk factor of ventricular arrhythmias early in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 71, 645–649 (1985)
Krizanova, O., Orlicky, J., Masanova, C.S., Juhaszova, M., Hudecova, S.: Angiotensin I modulates Ca-transport systems in the rat heart through angiotensin II. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 29, 1739–1746 (1997)
Harada, K., Komuro, I., Hayashi, D., Sugaya, T., Murakami, K., Yazaki, Y.: Angiotensin II type 1a receptor is involved in the occurrence of reperfusion arrhythmias. Circulation 97, 315–317 (1998)
Ozer, M.K., Sahna, E., Birincioglu, M., Acet, A.: Effects of captopril and losartan on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion induced arrhythmias and necrosis in rats. Pharmacol. Res. 45, 257–263 (2002)
Wang, Y.H., Shi, C.X., Dong, F., Sheng, J.W., Xu, Y.F.: Inhibition of the rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current in ventricular myocytes by angiotensin II via the AT1 receptor. Br. J. Pharmacol. 154, 429–439 (2008)
Yarbrough, T.L., Lu, T., Lee, H.C., Shibata, E.F.: Localization of cardiac sodium channels in caveolin-rich membrane domains: regulation of sodium current amplitude. Circ. Res. 90, 443–449 (2002)
Barbuti, A., Gravante, B., Riolfo, M., Milanesi, R., Terragni, B., DiFrancesco, D.: Localization of pacemaker channels in lipid rafts regulates channel kinetics. Circ. Res. 94, 1325–1331 (2004)
Bossuyt, J., Taylor, B.E., James-Kracke, M., Hale, C.C.: The cardiac sodium-calcium exchanger associates with caveolin-3. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 976, 197–204 (2002)
Fujimoto, T., Nakade, S., Miyawaki, A., Mikoshiba, K., Ogawa, K.: Localization of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-like protein in plasmalemmal caveolae. J. Cell Biol. 119, 1507–1513 (1992)
Lockwich, T.P., Liu, X., Singh, B.B., Jadlowiec, J., Weiland, S., Ambudkar, I.S.: Assembly of Trp1 in a signaling complex associated with caveolin-scaffolding lipid raft domains. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 11934–11942 (2000)
Fujimoto, T.: Calcium pump of the plasma membrane is localized in caveolae. J. Cell Biol. 120, 1147–1157 (1993)
Vatta, M., Ackerman, M.J., Ye, B., Makielski, J.C., Ughanze, E.E., Taylor, E.W., Tester, D.J., Balijepalli, R.C., Foell, J.D., Li, Z., Kamp, T.J., Towbin, J.A.: Mutant caveolin-3 induces persistent late sodium current and is associated with long-QT syndrome. Circulation 114, 2104–2112 (2006)
Crotti, L., Monti, M.C., Insolia, R., Peljto, A., Goosen, A., Brink, P.A., Greenberg, D.A., Schwartz, P.J., George Jr., A.L.: NOS1AP is a genetic modifier of the long-QT syndrome. Circulation 120, 1657–1663 (2009)
Kao, W.H., Arking, D.E., Post, W., Rea, T.D., Sotoodehnia, N., Prineas, R.J., Bishe, B., Doan, B.Q., Boerwinkle, E., Psaty, B.M., Tomaselli, G.F., Coresh, J., Siscovick, D.S., Marbán, E., Spooner, P.M., Burke, G.L., Chakravarti, A.: Genetic variations in nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein are associated with sudden cardiac death in US white community-based populations. Circulation 119, 940–951 (2009)
Newton-Cheh, C., Guo, C.Y., Wang, T.J., O’Donnell, C.J., Levy, D., Larson, M.G.: Genome-wide association study of electrocardiographic and heart rate variability traits: the Framingham Heart Study. BMC Med. Genet. 8(Suppl 1), S7 (2007)
Pfeufer, A., Sanna, S., Arking, D.E., Müller, M., Gateva, V., Fuchsberger, C., Ehret, G.B., Orrú, M., Pattaro, C., Köttgen, A., Perz, S., Usala, G., Barbalic, M., Li, M., Pütz, B., Scuteri, A., Prineas, R.J., Sinner, M.F., Gieger, C., Najjar, S.S., Kao, W.H., Mühleisen, T.W., Dei, M., Happle, C., Möhlenkamp, S., Crisponi, L., Erbel, R., Jöckel, K.H., Naitza, S., Steinbeck, G., Marroni, F., Hicks, A.A., Lakatta, E., Müller-Myhsok, B., Pramstaller, P.P., Wichmann, H.E., Schlessinger, D., Boerwinkle, E., Meitinger, T., Uda, M., Coresh, J., Kääb, S., Abecasis, G.R., Chakravarti, A.: Common variants at ten loci modulate the QT interval duration in the QTSCD Study. Nat. Genet. 41, 407–414 (2009)
Bezzina, C.R., Pazoki, R., Bardai, A., Marsman, R.F., de Jong, J.S., Blom, M.T., Scicluna, B.P., Jukema, J.W., Bindraban, N.R., Lichtner, P., Pfeufer, A., Bishopric, N.H., Roden, D.M., Meitinger, T., Chugh, S.S., Myerburg, R.J., Jouven, X., Kääb, S., Dekker, L.R., Tan, H.L., Tanck, M.W., Wilde, A.A.: Genome-wide association study identifies a susceptibility locus at 21q21 for ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction. Nat. Genet. 42, 688–691 (2010)
Bowles, N.E., Richardson, P.J., Olsen, E.G., Archard, L.C.: Detection of Coxsackie-B-virus-specific RNA sequences in myocardial biopsy samples from patients with myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Lancet 1, 1120–1123 (1986)
Pauschinger, M., Bowles, N.E., Fuentes-Garcia, F.J., Pham, V., Kühl, U., Schwimmbeck, P.L., Schultheiss, H.P., Towbin, J.A.: Detection of adenoviral genome in the myocardium of adult patients with idiopathic left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation 99, 1348–1354 (1999)
Lisewski, U., Shi, Y., Wrackmeyer, U., Fischer, R., Chen, C., Schirdewan, A., Jüttner, R., Rathjen, F., Poller, W., Radke, M.H., Gotthardt, M.: The tight junction protein CAR regulates cardiac conduction and cell-cell communication. J. Exp. Med. 205, 2369–2379 (2008)
Lim, B.K., Xiong, D., Dorner, A., Youn, T.J., Yung, A., Liu, T.I., Gu, Y., Dalton, N.D., Wright, A.T., Evans, S.M., Chen, J., Peterson, K.L., McCulloch, A.D., Yajima, T., Knowlton, K.U.: Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) mediates atrioventricular-node function and connexin 45 localization in the murine heart. J. Clin. Invest. 118, 2758–2770 (2008)
Acknowledgments
We thank Pinuccia De Tomasi, BS, for the expert editorial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
De Ferrari, G.M. et al. (2013). PREDESTINATION: PRimary vEntricular fibrillation and suDden dEath during a firST myocardIal iNfArcTION: Genetic Basis. In: Grieco, N., Marzegalli, M., Paganoni, A. (eds) New Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Organizational Strategies for Acute Coronary Syndromes Patients. Contributions to Statistics. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5379-3_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5379-3_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-5378-6
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-5379-3
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)