Skip to main content

The Diaphysis: Nonsurgical Treatment

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Simple and Complex Fractures of the Humerus

Abstract

Fractures of the humeral shaft are common, account for approximately 3 % of all orthopedic injuries, and result in a significant burden to society from lost productivity and wages. Nonoperative management continues as the mainstay for treatment of the majority of these injuries, with acceptable healing in the majority patients. Surgical treatment is generally reserved for open fractures, polytrauma patients, ipsilateral humeral shaft and forearm fractures, and cases in which there is a failure to tolerate or maintain alignment in a functional brace. This conservative approach is in contrast to common practice in the Western world, where there is a strong tendency to treat nearly all fractures operatively, driven by aggressive surgeons using the portfolio offered to treat these fractures surgically and strongly assisted in this purpose by the industry. The modern DRG-driven reimbursement policy in addition shifts the pendulum even more toward operative therapy; hence, conservative fracture treatment is very poorly refunded in this system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Walker M, Palumbo B, Badman B, Brooks J, Van Gelderen J, Mighell M (2011) Humeral shaft fractures: a review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2011:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  2. Brorson S (2009) Management of fractures of the humerus in Ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome: an historical review. Clin Orthop Relat Res 467:1907–1914

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Brorson S (2013) Fractures of the proximal humerus: history, classification, and management. Acta Orthop Suppl 351:1–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Sarmiento A, Kinman PB, Galvin EG, Schmitt RH, Phillips JG (1977) Functional bracing of fractures of the shaft of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Am 59:596–601

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Zagorski J, Latta L, Zych G, Finnieston A (1988) Diaphyseal fractures of the humerus. Treatment with prefabricated braces. J Bone Joint Surg Am 70:607–610

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Taha MM (2011) The outcome of conservative treatment of closed fractures of the humeral shaft in adult patients. Am Med J 2:32–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Denard A Jr, Richards JE, Obremskey WT, Tucker MC, Floyd M, Herzog GA (2000) Outcome of nonoperative vs operative treatment of humeral shaft fractures: a retrospective study of 213 patients. Orthopedics 11:33

    Google Scholar 

  8. Gosler MW, Testroote M, Morrenhof J, Janzing HMJ (2012) Surgical versus non-surgical interventions for treating humeral shaft fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD008832

    Google Scholar 

  9. Matsunaga FT, Tamaoki MJ, Matsumoto MH, dos Santos JB, Faloppa F, Belloti JC (2013) Treatment of the humeral shaft fractures–minimally invasive osteosynthesis with bridge plate versus conservative treatment with functional brace: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 14:246

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Jawa A, McCarty P, Doornberg J, Harris M, Ring D (2006) Extra-articular distal-third diaphyseal fractures of the humerus. A comparison of functional bracing and plate fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 88:2343–2347

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Sarmiento A, Zagorski JB, Zych GA et al (2000) Functional bracing for the treatment of fractures of the humeral diaphysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 82:478–486

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Fjalestad T, Stromsoe K, Salvesen P et al (2000) Functional results of braced humeral diaphyseal fractures: why do 38 % lose external rotation of the shoulder? Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 120:281–285

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Koch P, Gross D, Gerber C (2002) The results of functional (Sarmiento) bracing of humeral shaft fractures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 11:143–150

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Papasoulis E, Drosos GI, Ververidis AN, Verettas DA (2012) Functional bracing of humeral shaft fractures. A review of clinical studies. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 20(7):423–433

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ekholm R, Ponzer S, Tornkvist H, Adami J, Tidermark J (2008) Primary radial nerve palsy in patients with acute humeral shaft fractures. J Orthop Trauma 22:408–414

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Shao Y, Harwood P, Grotz M, Limb D, Giannoudis P (2005) Radial nerve palsy associated with fractures of the shaft of the humerus: a systematic review. J Bone Joint Surg Br 87:1647–1652

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Anglen J, Archdeacon M, Cannada L, Herscovici D Jr, Ostrum R (2009) Avoiding complications in the treatment of humeral fractures. Instr Course Lect 58:3–11

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Spiguel AR, Steffner RJ (2012) Humeral shaft fractures. Curr Rev Musculoskelt Med 5:177–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Konrad Mader .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mader, K., Mader, S., Berntsson, PO. (2015). The Diaphysis: Nonsurgical Treatment. In: Castoldi, F., Blonna, D., Assom, M. (eds) Simple and Complex Fractures of the Humerus. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5307-6_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5307-6_18

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-5306-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-5307-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics